Upper Extremity Flashcards
(173 cards)
1
Q
What are the static stabilizers of the shoulder (7)?
A
Glenohumeral ligament (superior, middle, inferior) Coracohumeral ligament Coracoclavicular ligament Coracoacromial ligament Acromioclavicular ligament
2
Q
What are the 3 elbow ligaments?
A
Annular ligament
Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar ligament
3
Q
What are the 7 forearm and hand ligaments?
A
Radioulnar Radiocarpal Ulnocarpal Intercarpal Carpometacarpal Metacarpophalangeal Interphalangeal
4
Q
What are the 3 metacarpophalangeal ligaments?
A
Volar plates
Collateral ligaments
Transverse metacarpal ligaments
5
Q
What are the 2 interphalangeal ligaments?
A
Volar plates
Collateral ligaments
6
Q
What are the branches of Part I of the axillary artery?
A
Superior thoracic artery
7
Q
What are the branches of Part II of the axillary artery?
A
Thoracoacromial trunk
Lateral thoracic artery
8
Q
What are the branches of Part III of the axillary artery?
A
Subscapular artery
Anterior humeral circumflex artery
Posterior humeral circumflex artery
9
Q
What does the axillary artery branch into?
A
Brachial artery
Deep brachial artery
10
Q
What are the arteries of the hand?
A
Radial artery Ulnar artery Superficial palmar arches Deep palmar arches Digital arteries
11
Q
What are the contents of the anatomical snuff box?
A
Radial artery
Scaphoid
Superficial branch of the radial nerve
12
Q
What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox?
A
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicus longus
13
Q
What are the main veins of the arm?
A
Cephalic
Basilic
Median cubital vein
14
Q
Action of pectoralis major
A
ADDuction, internal rotation, and flexion of shoulder
15
Q
Nerve supply of pectoralis major
A
Lateral pectoral nerve
Medial pectoral nerve
16
Q
Blood supply of pectoralis major
A
Pectoral artery
17
Q
Action of pectoralis minor
A
Stabilizes scapula
Protraction, depression, downward rotation of scapula
18
Q
Nerve supply of pectoralis minor
A
Medial pectoral nerve
19
Q
Blood supply of pectoralis minor
A
Pectoral artery
20
Q
Action of serratus anterior
A
Protraction of scapula
Upward rotation of scapula
Holds scapula to thoracic wall
21
Q
Nerve supply of serratus anterior
A
Long thoracic nerve
22
Q
Blood supply of serratus anterior
A
Lateral thoracic nerve
23
Q
What would a “winged” scapula indicate?
A
Damage to the long thoracic nerve
24
Q
Action of the superior, middle, and inferior trapezius
A
Superior: elevates scapula
Middle: retracts scapula
Inferior: depresses scapula
All: glenoid rotation
25
Nerve supply of the trapezius
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
26
Blood supply of the trapezius
Transverse cervical artery
27
Action of latissimus dorsi
Extends, ADDuction, and internally rotates shoulder
28
Nerve supply of latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal nerve
29
Blood supply of latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal artery
30
Action of anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid
Anterior: flexes shoulder
Middle: abducts shoulder
Posterior: extends/externally rotates shoulder
31
Nerve supply of deltoid
Axillary nerve
32
Blood supply of deltoid
Posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA)
33
Action of teres minor
External rotation of shoulder
| Stabilization of glenohumeral joint
34
Nerve supply of teres minor
Axillary nerve
35
Blood supply of teres minor
Posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA)
36
Action of teres major
ADDuction, extension, and internal rotation of shoulder
37
Nerve supply of teres major
Lower subscapular nerve
38
Blood supply of teres major
Circumflex scapular artery
39
What nerve would most likely be affected in anterior shoulder dislocations?
Axillary nerve
40
What are the rotator cuff muscles (dynamic stabilizers)?
SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
41
Action of subscapularis
Internal rotation and ADDuction of shoulder
| Stabilization of glenohumeral joint
42
Nerve supply of subscapularis
Upper subscapular nerve
| Lower subscapular nerve
43
Blood supply of subscapularis
Circumflex scapular artery
44
Action of infraspinatus
External rotation of shoulder
| Stabilization of glenohumeral joint
45
Blood supply of infraspinatus
Suprascapular artery
46
Nerve supply of infraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
47
Action of supraspinatus
Abduction of shoulder
| Stabilization of glenohumeral joint
48
Nerve supply of supraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
49
Blood supply of supraspinatus
Suprascapular artery
50
What is the most commonly damaged muscle in rotator cuff tears?
Supraspinatus
51
Action of biceps brachii
Flexion of shoulder
Flexion of elbow
Supination of forearm
52
Nerve supply of biceps brachii
Musculocutaneous nerve
53
Blood supply of biceps brachii
Brachial artery
54
Action of brachialis
Flexion of elbow
55
Nerve supply of brachialis
Musculocutanous nerve
56
Blood supply of brachialis
Brachial artery
57
Action of choracobrachialis
Flexion and ADDuction of shoulder
58
Nerve supply of choracobrachialis
Musculocutaneous nerve
59
Blood supply of choracobrachialis
Brachial artery
60
What are the extensors of the elbow?
Triceps brachii
| Anconeus
61
Action of the triceps brachii
Extension of elbow
| Extension of shoulder
62
Nerve supply of triceps brachii
Radial nerve
63
Blood supply of triceps brachii
Brachial profunda artery
64
Action of anconeus
Extension of elbow
65
Nerve supply of anconeus
Radial nerve
66
Blood supply of anconeus
Recurrent interosseous artery
67
What are the muscles of the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm?
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
68
What are the muscles of the intermediate anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
69
What are the muscles of the deep anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicus longus
Pronator quadratus
70
Action of pronator teres
Pronation of forearm
| Flexion of elbow
71
Nerve supply of pronator teres
Median nerve
72
Blood supply of pronator teres
Ulnar artery
73
Action of flexor carpi radialis
Flexion and radial deviation of wrist
74
Nerve supply of flexor carpi radialis
Median nerve
75
Blood supply of flexor carpi radialis
Ulnar artery
76
Action of palmaris longus
Flexion of wrist
77
Nerve supply of palmaris longus
Median nerve
78
Blood supply of palmaris longus
Ulnar artery
79
Action of flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexion and ulnar deviation of wrist
80
Nerve supply of flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar nerve
81
Blood supply of flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar artery
82
Action of flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexion of digits 2-5 at MCP and PIP joints
| Flexion of wrist
83
Nerve supply of flexor digitorum superficialis
Median nerve
84
Blood supply of flexor digitorum superficialis
Ulnar artery
85
Action of pronator quadratus
Pronation of forearm
86
Blood supply of pronator quadratus
Anterior interosseous artery
87
Nerve supply of pronator quadratus
Median nerve
88
Action of flexor pollicis longus
Flexion of thumb at IP joint
89
Nerve supply of flexor pollicis longus
Median nerve
90
Blood supply of flexor pollicis longus
Anterior interosseous artery
91
Action of flexor digitorum profundus
Flexion of digits 2-5 at MCP, PIP, and DIP joints
| Flexion of wrist
92
Nerve supply of flexor digitorum profundus
Digits 2/3: median nerve
| Digits 4/5: ulnar nerve
93
Blood supply of flexor digitorum profundus
Anterior interosseous artery
94
Where do the flexor-pronator muscles originate?
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
95
What are the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the forearm?
```
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
```
96
Damage to what nerve causes wrist drop?
Radial nerve
97
Action of brachioradialis
Flexion of elbow
98
Nerve supply of brachioradialis
Radial nerve
99
Blood supply of brachioradialis
Radial artery
100
Action of extensor carpi radialis longus
Extension and radial deviation of wrist
101
Nerve supply of extensor carpi radialis longus
Radial nerve
102
Blood supply of extensor carpi radialis longus
Radial artery
103
Action of extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extension of wrist
104
Nerve supply of extensor carpi radialis brevis
Radial nerve
105
Blood supply of extensor carpi radialis brevis
Radial artery
106
Action of extensor digitorum
Extension of digits 2-5 at MCP joints
| Extension of wrist
107
Nerve supply of extensor digitorum
Radial nerve
108
Blood supply of extensor digitorum
Radial artery
109
Action of extensor digiti minimi
Extension of digit 5 at MCP joint
| Extension of wrist
110
Nerve supply of extensor digiti minimi
Radial nerve
111
Blood supply of extensor digiti minimi
Radial artery
112
Action of extensor carpi ulnaris
Extension and ulnar deviation of wrist
113
Nerve supply of extensor carpi ulnaris
Radial nerve
114
Blood supply of extensor carpi ulnaris
Radial artery
115
What are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?
```
Supinator
Abductor pollicus longus
Extensor pollicus longus
Extensor pollicus brevis
Extensor indicis
```
116
Action of supinator
Supination of forearm
117
Nerve supply of supinator
Radial nerve
118
Blood supply of supinator
Posterior interosseous artery
119
Action of abductor pollicus longus
ABduction of 1st metacarpal of thumb at CMC joint
120
Nerve supply of abductor pollicus longus
Radial nerve
121
Blood supply of abductor pollicus longus
Posterior interosseous artery
122
Action of extensor pollicus longus
Extension of thumb at IP joint
| Radial deviation of wrist
123
Nerve supply of extensor pollicus longus
Radial nerve
124
Blood supply of extensor pollicus longus
Posterior interosseous artery
125
Action of extensor pollicus brevis
Extension of thumb at MCP joint
| Radial deviation of wrist
126
Nerve supply of extensor pollicus brevis
Radial nerve
127
Blood supply of extensor pollicus brevis
Posterior interosseous artery
128
Action of extensor indicis
Extension of digit 2 at MCP joint
| Extension of wrist
129
Nerve supply of extensor indicis
Radial nerve
130
Blood supply of extensor indicis
Posterior interosseous artery
131
What are the thenar muscles?
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Adductor pollicis
132
Action of abductor pollicis brevis
ABduction of thumb at CMC joint
133
Nerve supply of abductor pollicis brevis
Median nerve
134
Blood supply of abductor pollicis brevis
Radial artery
135
Action of flexor pollicis brevis
Flexion of thumb at MCP joint
136
Nerve supply of flexor pollicis brevis
Median nerve
137
Blood supply of flexor pollicis brevis
Radial artery
138
Action of opponens pollicis
Opposition of thumb at CMC joint
139
Nerve supply of opponens pollicis
Median nerve
140
Blood supply of opponens pollicis
Radial artery
141
Action of adductor pollicis
ADDuction of 1st metacarpal at CMC joint
142
Nerve supply of adductor pollicis
Ulnar nerve
143
Blood supply of adductor pollicis
Radial artery
144
What are the hypothenar muscles of the hand?
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi
145
Action of abductor digiti minimi
ABduction of proximal phalanx of digit 5 at MCP joint
146
Nerve supply of abductor digiti minimi
Ulnar nerve
147
Blood supply of abductor digiti minimi
Ulnar artery
148
Action of flexor digiti minimi
Flexion of digit 5 at MCP joint
149
Nerve supply of flexor digiti minimi
Ulnar nerve
150
Blood supply of flexor digiti minimi
Ulnar artery
151
Action of opponens digiti minimi
Opposition of digit 5 at CMC joint
152
Nerve supply of opponens digiti minimi
Ulnar nerve
153
Blood supply of opponens digiti minimi
Ulnar artery
154
Nerve supply of palmaris brevis
Ulnar nerve
155
Action of lumbricals
Flexion of digits 2-5 at MCP joints
| Extension of digits 2-5 at PIP and DIP joints
156
Origin of lumbricals
Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
157
Nerve supply of lumbricals
Digits 2/3: median nerve
| Digits 4/5: ulnar nerve
158
Blood supply of lumbricals
Deep palmar arch
159
Action of dorsal interossei
DAB and PAD
ABduction of digits 2-4 at MCP joints
160
Nerve supply of dorsal interossei
Ulnar nerve
161
Blood supply of dorsal interossei
Deep palmar arch
162
Action of palmar interossei
DAB and PAD
ADDuction of digits 2, 4, and 5 at MCP joints
163
Nerve supply of palmar interossei
Ulnar nerve
164
Blood supply of palmar interossei
Deep palmar arch
165
What are the roots, trunks, and cords of the brachial plexus?
Roots: C5-T1
Trunks: superior, middle, inferior
Divisions: anterior and posterior from each trunk
Cords: lateral, posterior, medial
166
What part of the hand does the median nerve supply sensation for?
Palmar: Most of radial side, digits 1-3
Dorsal: tips of digits 1-3
167
What part of the hand does the radial nerve supply sensation for?
Radial side of the dorsal hand
168
What part of the hand does the ulnar nerve supply sensation for?
Whole ulnar side and digits 4-5
169
What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?
Median nerve
Flexor digitorum superficialis tendon
Flexor digitorum profundus tendon
Flexor pollicis longus tendon
170
What makes up the floor and the roof of the carpal tunnel?
Floor: carpal bones
Roof: flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
171
What are some sings of carpal tunnel syndrome?
Thenar atrophy
| Tingling of digits 1-3
172
What nerve makes up the “funny bone”?
Ulnar nerve
173
What are the joints of the shoulder girdle?
Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral
