health and disease Flashcards
(45 cards)
what are some diseases caused by smoking?
cancer
lung disease
bronchitis
heart disease
what are the main three substances in a cigarette?
tar
nicotine
carbon monoxide
what are 3 negative traits of tar?
coughing to eject mucus
contains cancer causing carcinogens
damages cilia, teeth and gums
(damaged cilia causes lung infections to become common)
what are cilia?
Cilia in the lungs are tiny hair-like structures that line the airways and help protect the lungs. They sweep microbes out of the lungs.
what are the effects of carbon monoxide in cigarettes?
they bind to the red blood cells
cells can’t respire properly
what happens due to carbon monoxide binding to the red blood cells
they stop them from carrying oxygen
what happens if carbon monoxide is inhaled when pregnant?
the foetus cannot develop properly
what are the two types of diseases?
communicable and non communicable
what are the four types of pathogens?
bacteria
virus
fungi
protists
what are pathogens?
pathogens are microorganisms that cause communicable diseases. they depend on their hosts for nutrients and need to grow to reproduce
what is an example of diseases that can interact?
high blood pressure and obesity
aids and infection
obesity and depression
what are the two differences between a bacterial cell and an animal cell
slime capsules
no nucleus
why do pathogens make us feel ill?
pathogens reproduce rapidly
produce toxins
kill or disrupt the function of cells
microbes damage our cells
what do the toxins that pathogens produce cause?
kills cells and damage tissue
what are the three ways pathogens can spread?
airborne
water borne
food borne
what is the addictive substance in cigarettes?
nicotine
is class a the most or least dangerous type of drug?
class a is the most dangerous
class c is the least dangerous
what is a drug?
a substance that can affect the mind or how the body works
is alcohol a stimulant or depressant?
depressant
what are some affects of stimulants?
increased alertness
reduces appetite
increased heart rate
improves reaction time
increased blood pressure
risk of heart attacks
what are some affects of a depressant
damage brain cells
difficult to concentrate
slower heart rate
slowed reaction time
harder to concentrate
affected decision making
what drug is legal?
tobacco
what drugs are illegal?
cannabis
meth
ketamine
cocaine
what is the equation for bmi?
weight (kg) divided by hight (m squared)