health and disease Flashcards

(45 cards)

1
Q

what are some diseases caused by smoking?

A

cancer
lung disease
bronchitis
heart disease

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2
Q

what are the main three substances in a cigarette?

A

tar
nicotine
carbon monoxide

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3
Q

what are 3 negative traits of tar?

A

coughing to eject mucus

contains cancer causing carcinogens

damages cilia, teeth and gums
(damaged cilia causes lung infections to become common)

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4
Q

what are cilia?

A

Cilia in the lungs are tiny hair-like structures that line the airways and help protect the lungs. They sweep microbes out of the lungs.

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5
Q

what are the effects of carbon monoxide in cigarettes?

A

they bind to the red blood cells

cells can’t respire properly

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6
Q

what happens due to carbon monoxide binding to the red blood cells

A

they stop them from carrying oxygen

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7
Q

what happens if carbon monoxide is inhaled when pregnant?

A

the foetus cannot develop properly

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8
Q

what are the two types of diseases?

A

communicable and non communicable

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9
Q

what are the four types of pathogens?

A

bacteria
virus
fungi
protists

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10
Q

what are pathogens?

A

pathogens are microorganisms that cause communicable diseases. they depend on their hosts for nutrients and need to grow to reproduce

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11
Q

what is an example of diseases that can interact?

A

high blood pressure and obesity

aids and infection

obesity and depression

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12
Q

what are the two differences between a bacterial cell and an animal cell

A

slime capsules
no nucleus

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13
Q

why do pathogens make us feel ill?

A

pathogens reproduce rapidly

produce toxins

kill or disrupt the function of cells

microbes damage our cells

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14
Q

what do the toxins that pathogens produce cause?

A

kills cells and damage tissue

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15
Q

what are the three ways pathogens can spread?

A

airborne
water borne
food borne

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16
Q

what is the addictive substance in cigarettes?

A

nicotine

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17
Q

is class a the most or least dangerous type of drug?

A

class a is the most dangerous
class c is the least dangerous

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18
Q

what is a drug?

A

a substance that can affect the mind or how the body works

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19
Q

is alcohol a stimulant or depressant?

20
Q

what are some affects of stimulants?

A

increased alertness

reduces appetite

increased heart rate

improves reaction time

increased blood pressure

risk of heart attacks

21
Q

what are some affects of a depressant

A

damage brain cells

difficult to concentrate

slower heart rate

slowed reaction time

harder to concentrate

affected decision making

22
Q

what drug is legal?

23
Q

what drugs are illegal?

A

cannabis
meth
ketamine
cocaine

24
Q

what is the equation for bmi?

A

weight (kg) divided by hight (m squared)

25
are passive smokers also at risk?
yes
26
if you do not get enough vitamins you can get a…
deficiency
27
what are the six food groups?
carbohydrates lipids protein vitamins and minerals fibre water
28
Bmi is used as…
an indication or prediction of health
29
what are some limitations of BMI?
doesn’t factor in muscle mass, disease, or social or mental wellbeing
30
why do we need a balanced and healthy diet?
for growth, warmth, repair and helping the immune system
31
what is ill health caused by?
disease diet stress lifestyle
32
what are some examples of stimulants?
caffiene cocaine
33
what are some examples of depressants?
ketamine alcohol cannabis
34
what does lack of vitamin A cause?
night blindness as it helps a chemical in the retina
35
what does lack of vitamin D cause?
Rickets as vitamin D helps bones form
36
what does lack of vitamin C cause?
scurvy. Vitamin C makes collagen to hold cells together
37
what do you need to eat to gain from vitamin C?
citrus fruit
38
what do you need to eat to gain from vitamin D?
oily fish and dairy for calcium
39
what do you need to eat to gain from vitamin A?
carrots
40
what does not enough iron cause?
anemia
41
what do you need to eat to gain iron?
red meat
42
What causes type 2 diabetes?
excess sugar
43
What may stress cause?
over/ under eating depression anxiety lack of sleep addictions low energy irritability
44
what is the definition of health?
a state of physical, mental, social wellbeing
45
does stress contribute to poor health?
yes