Health and Disease

Question 1

Define mental well-being

Answer 1

how you feel about yourself

Question 2

Define physical well-being

Answer 2

eating well, sleeping well, being free from disease

Question 3

Define social well-being

Answer 3

how well you get along with other people

Question 4

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 4

A disease that can be passed from one person to another and is spread by a pathogen

Question 5

Name 3 non communicable diseases

Answer 5

cancer, diabetes, heart disease

Question 6

Name and describe the 4 different types of pathogens

Answer 6

bacteria/bacterium:
releases toxins that cause you to feel ill
some types invade and destroy body cells
smaller than a human cell

virus:
takes over a cell's DNA
causes the cell to make toxins
causes damage when new viruses are released from cells
smaller than bacteria

fungi:
a eukaryotic organism

protist:
a eukaryotic organism
only some are pathogens

Question 7

What are the three types of health/well being?

Answer 7

physical, mental, social

Question 8

What is a non-communicable disease?

Answer 8

A disease that cannot be passed between people

Question 9

What is a pathogen?

Answer 9

A microorganism that causes an infectious disease

Question 10

Which statements apply to communicable diseases, and which ones to non communicable?

1) there is rapid variation in the number of cases over time
2) the number of cases changes gradually
3) cases are widely spread
4) cases are often localised

Answer 10

Communicable: 1, 4

Non communicable: 2, 3

Question 11

Name 3 communicable diseases

Answer 11

malaria, typhoid, chlolera, ebola, HIV, tuberculosis, stomach ulcers, chalara ash die-back.

Question 12

Chalara fungus sometimes kills ash trees directly, but sometimes it makes the tree more likely to be infected by other pathogens which kill the tree.
Suggest how this happens.

Answer 12

The fungus damages the bark and the cells of the ash tree, making it easier for other pathogens to infect the tree.

Question 13

Explain why an infectious disease may affect a lot of people in a community, and then fall to a very low level again.

Answer 13

spreads rapidly at first because people are susceptible to catching it
people then develop immunity so fewer people susceptible to catching it

Question 14

A stroke is caused when a blood clot blocks an artery in the brain. This stops oxygen reaching part of the brain and nerve cells die. State whether a stroke is a communicable or non-communicable disease.
Give a reason for your answer.

Answer 14

non-communicable because it isn’t caused by a pathogen

blood clots are not spread from one person to another