Health Determinants & The Rose Theory

Question 1

Rose Theory Overview:

Answer 1

Distinguishes between causes of cases (individual-level) and determinants of incidence (population-level).

Emphasises understanding both individual risk factors and systemic contributors to disease prevalence.

Question 2

Rose Theory Causes of Cases

Answer 2

Focus: Factors that contribute to disease in affected individuals.

Aim: Understand specific risk factors in individuals already affected.

Methodology: Studying behaviours, genetic predisposition, and personal history.

Application: Guides clinical care and treatment for individuals.

Question 3

Determinants of Incidence:

Answer 3

Focus: Population-level trends and factors affecting disease prevalence.

Aim: Address systemic contributors like social, environmental, and demographic factors.

Methodology: Analyzing demographics, socioeconomic conditions, and environmental exposures.

Application: Guides public health policies and interventions.

Question 4

Comparative Summary:

Answer 4

Causes of cases: Individual focus; informs clinical care.

Determinants of incidence: Population focus; informs public health interventions.

Question 5

What is the Rose Theory?

Answer 5

A theory emphasizing the distinction between individual-level risk factors (causes of cases) and population-level determinants (determinants of incidence).

Question 6

Causes of cases focus on factors contributing to disease in ____, while determinants of incidence focus on factors affecting ____.

Answer 6

Individuals; the overall population.

Question 7

A doctor examines a patient’s family history and lifestyle to determine why they developed diabetes. Which aspect of the Rose Theory is this?

Answer 7

Causes of cases.

Question 8

What is the primary aim of studying causes of cases?

Answer 8

To understand specific risk factors associated with disease occurrence in individuals.

Question 9

A public health researcher analyzes income levels and access to healthy food in a city to address rising diabetes rates. Which aspect of the Rose Theory is this?

Answer 9

Determinants of incidence.

Question 10

Determinants of incidence involve studying population-level factors such as ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 10

Demographics, socioeconomic conditions, and environmental exposures.

Question 11

How can understanding determinants of incidence guide public health interventions?

Answer 11

By addressing root causes and systemic factors that influence disease prevalence in a community.

Question 12

Causes of cases are like diagnosing a car’s breakdown, while determinants of incidence are like understanding why that car model has high failure rates because ____.

Answer 12

One focuses on individual issues, and the other examines systemic factors.

Question 13

A clinician uses a patient’s genetic predisposition and past medical history to guide treatment. Which application of the Rose Theory is this?

Answer 13

Clinical care for individuals with existing disease.

Question 14

Determinants of incidence are useful for creating ____, while causes of cases inform ____.

Answer 14

Public health policies; clinical care.

Question 15

What are examples of methodologies used to study causes of cases and determinants of incidence?

Answer 15

Causes of cases: medical history and lifestyle analysis.

Determinants of incidence: demographic and socioeconomic trend analysis.

Question 16

What is determinant analysis?

Answer 16

The process of identifying factors that affect health outcomes and challenges, forming the foundation for improving health.

Question 17

The “Precede-Proceed Model” provides a ____ for exploring health determinant factors step-by-step.

Answer 17

Roadmap.

Question 18

A public health team evaluates the availability of fresh produce in a community to address diet-related diseases. What aspect of public health practice is this?

Answer 18

Changing and evaluating health determinants.

Question 19

What are the three categories of health determinants?

Answer 19

Predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors.

Question 20

Predisposing factors involve people’s ____, while enabling factors focus on available ____.

Answer 20

Thoughts and beliefs; resources and support.

Question 21

A community health program examines family reactions to healthy choices. Which determinant category does this represent?

Answer 21

Reinforcing factors.

Question 22

What are socio-ecological determinants?

Answer 22

Factors ranging from personal behaviors to societal and environmental influences that affect health.

Question 23

Researchers study pollution levels and access to healthcare to address high diabetes rates. What determinant category does this reflect?

Answer 23

Socio-ecological determinants.

Question 24

Proximate determinants have ____ impacts on health, while distal determinants ____ proximate factors.

Answer 24

Immediate; set the stage for.

Question 25

What is an example of a proximate and distal determinant of heart disease?

Answer 25

Proximate: Smoking Distal: Income and education.

Question 26

Determinants are like puzzle pieces because ____.

Answer 26

They work together to form a complete picture of health outcomes.

Question 27

An initiative to reduce air pollution involves both individual behaviors (using cars less) and larger policies. What does this demonstrate about determinants?

Answer 27

The comprehensive view of determinants.

Question 28

Determinants often interact in ____ pathways, creating domino effects on health outcomes.

Answer 28

Causal.

Question 29

Addressing childhood obesity involves improving diet, physical activity, and family support. What concept does this reflect?

Answer 29

Interactions and causal pathways.

Question 30

Why is it important to consider contextual factors when addressing health problems?

Answer 30

Cultural norms, socioeconomic status, and economic situations influence health outcomes.

Question 31

Research shows cultural beliefs and economic stress influence high stress-related illnesses. What aspect of health determinants does this highlight?

Answer 31

Contextual factors.

Question 32

What is PEEST analysis?

Answer 32

A framework for examining political, economic, environmental, social, and technical factors affecting health.

Question 33

The “P” in PEEST analysis refers to ____, such as government policies and funding for nutrition programs.

Answer 33

Political factors.

Question 34

A nutrition program is affected by food prices and income levels. Which PEEST category is relevant?

Answer 34

Economic factors.

Question 35

What are examples of environmental factors in PEEST analysis?

Answer 35

Availability of fresh foods, sustainability of food production, and distribution impact.

Question 36

Social factors in PEEST include cultural norms, social support, and ____ targeting specific populations.

Answer 36

Health education campaigns.

Question 37

A health app tracks dietary habits and provides nutrition education. Which PEEST factor does this represent?

Answer 37

Technical factors.

Question 38

PEEST analysis is like a 360-degree camera because ____.

Answer 38

It provides a comprehensive view of the factors influencing health.

Question 39

Researchers design an intervention to address low fruit and vegetable intake among African-American women. What principle of determinant analysis is being applied?

Answer 39

Real-world example of tailoring interventions to unique challenges.

Question 40

Definition and Purpose of Determinant Analysis:

Answer 40

Definition: Foundation for understanding factors affecting health outcomes and challenges. Purpose: Helps identify root causes of health issues to improve community health.

Question 41

The “Precede-Proceed Model”:

Answer 41

A roadmap for step-by-step exploration of health determinant factors. Guides investigation into health issues with a structured approach.

Question 42

List Determinant Categories:

Answer 42

Predisposing factors: Thoughts and beliefs about health. Enabling factors: Resources and support available for healthier choices. Reinforcing factors: Reactions from others to healthy/unhealthy choices.

Question 43

Socio-Ecological Determinants range from individual behaviours to societal and environmental factors. Give some examples:

Answer 43

Studying community diabetes rates through eating habits Healthcare access Pollution

Question 44

Proximate determinants:

Answer 44

Immediate impacts on health (e.g., smoking, poor diet).

Question 45

Distal determinants:

Answer 45

Set the stage for proximate factors (e.g., income, education).

Question 46

Examples of personal choices and broader social and environmental influences.

Answer 46

Reducing air pollution requires individual behavior changes and policy improvements.

Question 47

Interactions and Causal Pathways: determinants interact and influence one another, creating domino effects. What are some examples?

Answer 47

Example: Childhood obesity involves diet, physical activity, and family support working together.

Question 48

Contextual Factors of Health Determinants:

Answer 48

Cultural norms, socioeconomic status, and economic situations shape health outcomes. Example: Stress-related illnesses influenced by cultural beliefs and economic stress.

Question 49

PEEST Analysis:

Answer 49

Political: Policies, funding, advocacy for nutrition programs. Economic: Socioeconomic disparities, food affordability, employment opportunities. Environmental: Food availability, sustainability, environmental impacts. Social: Cultural norms, social support, health education campaigns. Technical: Advances in food production, digital tools for nutrition education, innovative food products.