Health, Fitness and Wellbeing

Question 1

What is physical health and wellbeing?

Answer 1

your body’s organs and systems are working well and you are not suffering from any illnesses or injuries

Question 2

how does exercise reduces risks to long-term health?

Answer 2

regular aerobic exercise prevents high BP by keeping your heart strong and arteries elastic, and helping to remove cholesterol from the artery walls
this means blood can flow easily around the body which reduces the risk of CHD, strokes and damage to arteries
prevents obesity
helps maintain a healthy weight which makes you less likely to get diabetes

Question 3

How does exercise improve emotional health and wellbeing?

Answer 3

increase self-esteem and confidence
competing can improve your ability to deal with pressure and manage emotions
can relieve stress and tension by taking your mind off whatever’s worrying you - prevents stress-related illnesses
feel good hormones such as serotonin are released, which may reduce risk of developing mental illnesses, like depression

Question 4

How does exercise improve social health and wellbeing?

Answer 4

can help you make friends with different ages and backgrounds
great way of socialising
team activities make you practice teamwork and cooperation
can make you feel more involved in society as a whole
being physically fit can help with your job and daily life especially if your work involves manual labour or being on your feet all day

Question 5

What is a sedentary lifestyle?

Answer 5

a life style where there is irregular or no physical activity

Question 6

What can a sedentary lifestyle cause?

Answer 6

lethargy
poor sleep
emotional health problems
poor social health
obesity - which can lead to high cholesterol, high BP and risk of strokes and CHD

Question 7

What are the BMI classifications?

Answer 7

below 18.5 - underweight
18.5-25 - healthy weight
over 25 - overweight
over 30 - obese

Question 8

How are BMI classifications for black, asian and certain other minority ethnic groups different?

Answer 8

they are lower

Question 9

are BMI classifications always correct?

Answer 9

it doesn’t take into account muscle mass or bone structure so it can incorrectly classify healthy, muscular people as overweight or obese

Question 10

What is the percentages of proteins, fats and carbs required in a balanced diet?

Answer 10

15-20% proteins
25-30% fats
55-60% carbohydrates

Question 11

What are carbohydrates for?

Answer 11

main source of energy for the body
once you eat carbs, some gets used up right away and some gets stored in liver and muscles ready for when needed

Question 12

What are fats for?

Answer 12

provide more energy than carbs but only for low-intensity exercise
helps keep the body warm and protects the organs
some vitamins can only be absorbed using fats
too many saturated fats can cause obesity

Question 13

What is protein for?

Answer 13

helps the body grow and repair itself
meats are rich in protein

Question 14

What is the average energy requirement for a man?

Answer 14

2500 calories

Question 15

What is the average energy requirement for a woman?

Answer 15

2000 calories

Question 16

What factors can affect the required energy intake of a person?

Answer 16

daily activity
exercise
age
height

Question 17

What are vitamins and minerals needed for?

Answer 17

to help bones, teeth, skin and other tissues to grow
also needed for many of the body’s chemical reactions

Question 18

What are 2 fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 18

vitamin A and D

Question 19

What is a water-soluble vitamin?

Answer 19

vitamin C

Question 20

What is the difference between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 20

fat-soluble can be stored in the body, but water-soluble cannot

Question 21

What is vitamin A used for?

Answer 21

growth and vision

Question 22

What is vitamin D used for?

Answer 22

strong bones to prevent injury

Question 23

What is vitamin C used for?

Answer 23

good for skin and helps to hold body tissues together
important for your immune system

Question 24

what are 2 minerals needed in the body?

Answer 24

calcium and iron

Question 25

What is calcium needed for?

Answer 25

strong bones and teeth, also for muscular contraction

Question 26

What is iron needed for?

Answer 26

making red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body

Question 27

What is water needed for in the body?

Answer 27

lots of chemical reactions used in sweat to cool the body down maintain blood viscosity

Question 28

If you are dehydrated what can happen?

Answer 28

blood thickening, makes it harder for heart to pump blood around the body and decreases oxygen supply to muscles slower reactions and poor decision-making as your brain needs water to function well muscle fatigue and cramps

Question 29

What are the 3 somatotypes?

Answer 29

endomorph mesomorph ectomorph

Question 30

What are the characteristics of an endomorph?

Answer 30

wide hips relatively narrow shoulders lots of fat on body, arms, legs ankles and wrists are relatively thin

Question 31

What are the characteristics of a mesomorph?

Answer 31

wide shoulder relatively narrow hips muscular body strong arms and thighs not much body fat

Question 32

What are the characteristics of an ectomorph?

Answer 32

narrow shoulders, hips and chest not much muscle or fat long, thin arms and legs

Question 33

What type of sports are endomorphs better at?

Answer 33

wrestling and shot-put - where weight and low centre of mass can be an advantage

Question 34

What type of sports are ectomorphs better at?

Answer 34

high jump and long distance running - where being light and having long legs is an advantage. They don't usually suit activities where strength is important

Question 35

what type of sports are mesomorphs best suited to?

Answer 35

most type of activity as they are able to build muscle quickly and easily which gives them an advantage where strength is important e.g. sprinting, tennis also have broad shoulders which make it easier for them to support weight using their upper body e.g. weightlifting, gymnastics