Sociocultural Studies Flashcards
(37 cards)
Who are some people who may influence the activities you do?
Family
Friends
Role Models
What are some influences on the type and amount of activity you participate in?
people
gender
ethnicity
religion
disability
socio-economic group
age
School
How does gender influence your activity?
gender stereotypes on what type of sports men and women should do
less media coverage for women’s sport meaning less role models inspiring people to participate in that sport
less media coverage also means less sponsorship available and less money at professional level
How might ethnicity and religion affect participation levels?
religious beliefs or ethnic backgrounds may not allow some sports, e.g. muslim women expected to keep their bodies covered so are unable to do activities like swimming
religious festivals and days may impact when you can play sport
racism and racial abuse in sport
How is racism counteracted in sport?
campaigns such as Kick it out to raise awareness
punishments for players and fans who are racist are now much more severe
What is Rooney Rule?
in american football it is a rule which says that teams must interview at least one ethnic minority candidate for any head coaching job
How have they made disabled participation levels in sport go up?
increased opportunities in sport and access to sporting facilities
adapting sport, e.g. wheelchair basketball
creating new sports, e.g. goalball (handball for blind)
increased media coverage (paralympics)
more role-models
How does your socio-economic group affect participation levels?
lower socio-economic groups are less likely to regularly take part in sport because:
most sports cost money and some may be unable to afford it
lots of sport require specialist equipment and clothing which can be expensive
some sports require special facilities and if you don’t live in an area with those facilities you cannot do the sport
less access to a car or good public transport
working shifts or irregular hours makes it difficult
working long hours or caring for children may not allow enough time for sport
How might schools affect participation levels?
PE classes and after school clubs allow for students to try many different sports
may put students off if they find it awkward or embarrassing
good coaching and teachers can inspire students
facilities in schools can limit what activities they can offer
grimy old changing rooms and equipment can put students off
How has commercialisation impacted sport?
sponsorship for money, equipment, clothing/footwear and/or facilities to an individual, team or event
media pay to cover the sport so people will buy their newspaper or watch their TV show
Broadcasting on television and internet means it now reaches and even larger, global audience - globalisation of sport
social media promotes sponsors and creates more role models
What is the golden triangle of commercialisation?
sport, sponsorship and media all dependent on each other
How are sponsors and sport dependent on each other?
sponsorship deals allow companies to associate their name with successful people and teams which is an effective form of advertising, which helps them get a bigger profit
lots of money for sport which can be spent on development
sponsorship money also means players and official get paid good wages
How are sponsors and media dependent on each other?
the more media coverage a sport gets, the more people watch it making sponsorship more valuable as it can reach a larger audience
increases likelihood of sponsorship and means players can demand more money for their sponsorship deals
How are the media and sport dependent on each other?
media pay for rights to cover for sporting events, which provides investment for sport
media coverage makes more people aware of it and creates role models which may inspire more people to play or watch
players can become superstars but their privacy takes a hit
media hold so much power that they may change things like the number of games, the timings or rules e.g. tiebreaker set was introduced in tennis to make matches shorter
can save fan money by watching at home, but could mean losses in ticket sales for the sport and poorer atmosphere in stadium
media’s analysis of refereeing decisions puts sports officials under a lot of pressure
media analysis can also educate spectators
What are some negatives of sponsorship?
sometimes money only available for top players and teams and does not benefit the sport as a whole
bad behaviour by athlete could damage company’s reputation
athletes could get in trouble for using other company’s products
sponsors get a lot of power
some sponsors may be inappropriate such as cigarette or tobacco companies (not allowed to sponsor in UK) or alcohol companies (are allowed)
How can technology help players perform better?
new materials for equipment, clothing and footwear are more effective and help performers reach new levels of performance
improvements to training facilities, e.g. all-weather pitches
developments to make sport safer
medical tech to help athletes recover quicker and more safely
video footage and software to analyse performance for improvements
What are some examples of technology that can help officials make the correct decisions?
hawk-eye in tennis - uses 6 cameras to track and predict the path of the ball
decision review system (DRS) in cricket - umpire’s decision reviewed by 3rd umpire who uses various bits of tech like hawk-eye
Goal line Technology in football
What are some pros of technology to help officials make the right decisions?
help to make sport more fair, which benefits spectators and players
lessens pressure on officials
shown that most the time officials are right, which increases respect for them
sponsors can use the breaks for ads
What are some cons to using technology to help officials make the right decisions?
systems are expensive to install, so are only used in top end of sporting leagues
could undermine the authority of the officials
players could challenge every decision
sometimes can take a long time and disrupt the flow of play as well as being boring for spectators
What is sportsmanship?
play within the rules, upholding the spirit of the game and using sports etiquette
What is the contract to compete?
an unwritten agreement between competitors to comply with all the rules (written and unwritten) and to do their best
What is sporting etiquette?
following unwritten rules and conventions of the activity
What is gamesmanship?
gaining an advantage by using tactics that bend the rules without breaking them
Give an example of gamesmanship.
time-wasting in football
