Health fitness and wellbeing

Question 1

What can participation in physical activity positively affect?

Answer 1

• physical health and wellbeing
• mental health and wellbeing
• social health and wellbeing

fitness.

Question 2

How can participation improve physical health and wellbeing?

Answer 2

• improve heart function
• improves efficiency of the body systems
• reduces the risk of some illness
• able to do everyday tasks
• to avoid obesity

Question 3

How can participation improve mental health and wellbeing?

Answer 3

• reduced stress/tension levels (mental health)
• releasing feel-good hormones in the body such as serotonin (mental health and wellbeing)
• enabling a person to control their emotions and work productively (mental health)

Question 4

How can participation improve social health and wellbeing?

Answer 4

• opportunities to socialise/make friends (social health)
• co-operation skills (social health)
• team-working skills (social health)
• access to essential human needs (food, shelter, clothing, social wellbeing).

Question 5

How can fitness improve social health and wellbeing?

Answer 5

• improves fitness
• reduces the chances of injury
• can aid in the physical ability to work, eg on your feet all day/manual labour.

Question 6

Define sedentary lifestyle

Answer 6

A person’s choice to engage in little, or irregular, physical activity

Question 7

What are the possible consequences of a sedentary lifestyle?

Answer 7

• weight gain/obesity
• heart disease
• hypertension
• diabetes
• poor sleep
• poor self-esteem
• lethargy.

Question 8

Define obesity

Answer 8

A term used to describe people with a large fat content - caused by an imbalance of calories consumed to energy expenditure

Question 9

How many obesity affect performance in physical activity and sport?

Answer 9

• limits stamina/cardiovascular -
• endurance
• limits flexibility
• limits agility
• limits speed/power.

Question 10

How many obesity cause ill health (physical)?

Answer 10

• cancer
• heart disease/heart attacks
• diabetes
• high cholesterol.

Question 11

How many obesity cause ill health (mental)?

Answer 11

• depression
• loss of confidence.

Question 12

How many obesity cause ill health (social)?

Answer 12

• inability to socialise
• inability to leave home.

Question 13

Define ectomorph

Answer 13

A somatotype characterised by being tall and thin with narrow shoulders and hips

Question 14

Define mesomorph

Answer 14

A somatotype characterised by muscular appearance with wide shoulders and narrow hips

Question 15

Defined endomorph

Answer 15

a somatotype characterised by a pear shaped body with high fat content, wide hips and narrow shoulders

Question 16

How many calories does the average adult male require?

Answer 16

2,500 Kcal/day

Question 17

How many calories does the average adult female require?

Answer 17

2,000 Kcal/day

Question 18

What are calories dependant on?

Answer 18

age - teenagers need more as growing

gender

height - taller

energy expenditure (exercise) - lifestyle

Question 19

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 19

A truly ‘balanced’ diet contains lots of different types of food and would normally involve an individual consuming a mixture of carbohydrates, protein, fat and nutrients from a variety of sources.

The ideal ‘mix’ of different foods should include green vegetables and fruit to provide the suitable nutrients, vitamins and minerals required.

Question 20

What are the benefits of cereals and whole grains?

Answer 20

provide fibre to help digestion

Question 21

What are the benefits of milk, cheese and other dairy products?

Answer 21

provide calcium for strong bones

Question 22

What are the benefits of iron rich foodstuffs like liver?

Answer 22

help the immune system and assist in the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen

Question 23

What are the benefits of liver, oily fish, dairy products, carrots and sweet potatoes?

Answer 23

provide Vitamin A (retinol) which is good for skin function and growth

Question 24

What are the benefits of oily fish, eggs and butter?

Answer 24

provide vitamin D to help strengthen bones

Question 25

What are the benefits of citrus fruit, broccoli and liver?

Answer 25

contain vitamin C to aid the immune system, skin elasticity and blood vessel function

Question 26

What are the benefits of whole grains, nuts, eggs, vegetables and fish?

Answer 26

various types of Vitamin B generally aid the functions of the body

Question 27

What are the 7 classes of food?

Answer 27

carbohydrate, fat, protein, fibre, vitamins, minerals and water

Question 28

What are the reasons for a balanced diet?

Answer 28

unused energy is stored as fat, which could cause obesity (particularly saturated fat) suitable energy can be available for activity the body needs nutrients for energy, growth and hydration.

Question 29

What does a balanced diet contain?

Answer 29

55–60% carbohydrate, 25–30% fat, 15–20% protein

Question 30

Define dehydration

Answer 30

a condition that occurs when the body loses more water than it takes in, interrupting the functioning of the body

Question 31

What does dehydration result in?

Answer 31

blood thickening (increased viscosity), which slows blood flow increases in heart rate/heart has to work harder/irregular heart rate (rhythm) increase in body temperature/overheat slowing of reactions/increased reaction time/poorer decisions muscle fatigue/cramps.

Question 32

What factors affect water consumption?

Answer 32

- the weather - exercise - the environment

Question 33

How do carbohydrates help the performance of an individual in sport?

Answer 33

- Provides energy for an individual to be physically active / complete an activity (1) - Allows an individual to participate over a period of time or at different intensities (1)

Question 34

How do proteins help the performance of an individual in sport?

Answer 34

- Contributes to muscle growth so allows an individual to become stronger (1) - Helps with the repair of body tissues which allows an individual to recover quicker from exercise (1)

Question 35

How do vitamins and minerals help the performance of an individual in sport?

Answer 35

- Helps keep an individual healthy (free from illness) which allows them to participate in sport (1) - Helps with the efficient working of the body systems allowing an individual to participate effectively in sport (1)