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health promo Flashcards

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1
Q

infants: discipline

A

yes - redirection, boundaries, safety, get attention

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2
Q

infant: pacifier

A

personal choice
pros: comfort, need to suck when they dont need to eat
cons: dirty, hard to discontinue, decrease breast feeding, dental problems, nipple confusion

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3
Q

infant: shoes

A

preference, shoeless sometimes better for balance

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4
Q

infant: sleep

A

3-4 mo: 9-12 hrs/night with 2 daytime naps

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5
Q

infant: activity

A

active and curious, avoid excessive playpen use, swings, etc
stim necessary for brain dev
let them be on floor

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6
Q

infant: teeth

A

eruption of primary, age varies but order predictable, lower central incisors first - upper central incisors
first 2 years: months old - 6 = # of teeth
teach brushing
s/s: swollen gums, finger sucking or biting, difficulty sleeping, decreased appetite, low grade fever
parents: avoid old wives tales, cold, anesthetic ointments used with caution, analgesics used only as directed

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7
Q

infant: prevent unintentional injuries

A

dishwashers, latex balloons, ranges/stoves, soft bedding, hand me down baby gear, grandmas purse, bath seats and rings, baby oil/powder (pna), dog, power windows

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8
Q

infant: falls

A

never leave unattended on raised surface
crib safety: side rails, windows, climbing items, pull up at 9 mo
infant seats, equipment, windows, stairs, walkers

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9
Q

infants: burns

A

sun (sunscreen after 6 mo, PABA free, >15 spf)
fireplace, hot liquids, electricity, heaters, fires

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10
Q

infants: swallow/choke

A

keep small items out of reach, bottles, powder, toys
pincer grasp

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11
Q

infants: suffocate/strangulate

A

pillow, blanket, large stuffed animals
cobedding, strings, window shades, toys, clothing, sleep on back

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12
Q

infants: motor vehicles

A

be good role model, never leave unattended, never hold in lap, keep doors and windows locked, dont be distracted, seat - back seat facing back, 5 point until 2

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13
Q

infants: bio/chm agents

A

germs (wash hands), drugs, toxins, cig (2nd or 3rd hand) - infection, asthma, aches

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14
Q

infants: lead

A

sources: pain, soil, dust, water, crystal, pottery, toys, air (cars)
s/s: brain, CNS, blood, kidneys
vulnerability: weight/air proportion, breath closer to ground, dust raising play and hand to mouth, increased GI absorption, mouth breathing increased absorption
advice: clean play areas, dont remove paint yourself, no lead hobbies at home, dont burn painted wood or colored paper, balanced diet (Ca, Fe, vit c), boil water before, treated with chelating agents - combine with irons for rapid and safe excretion

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15
Q

toddler: sibling rivalry

A

time is vague concept, avoid unrealistic expectations, allow them to participate, avoid extra stressors, dont compare, visitors

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16
Q

toddler: temper tantrum

A

consistency among caregivers, developmentally appropriate expectations and rewards, reasonable consequences, ignore

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17
Q

toddler: negativism and regression

A

reduce opportunities for negativism
give choice
ignore regression and praise existing patterns of appropriate behavior

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18
Q

toddler: discipline

A

need clear guidelines and expectations
types: distract and divert, encourage cooperation, structure, set limits, positive reinforcement, spanking not recommended

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19
Q

toddlers: alternatives for spanking

A

firm but kind, pause, teach, +, explanations not threats, be flexible, drop out of power struggle, refuse to get angry, be smart, offer incentives, time out

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20
Q

toddler: time out

A

3 yrs +
1 min/yr
discuss behavior after
discipline must occur at time of incident
be discrete - self esteem

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21
Q

toddler: readiness for toilet training

A

voluntary sphincter control, dry for 2 hrs, regular bowel movements
gross motor skills - walk, sit, squat
fine motor - remove clothes
cognitive skills, willingness to please, curiosity about adults and sibling toilet habits, impatient with wet or soiled diapers, parent readiness

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22
Q

toddler: toilet training anticipatory guidance

A

prep child, potty seat, limit practice times, dress appropriately, freq reminders, good hygiene, reinforce sense of accomplishment, consistency is vital

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23
Q

toddler: sleep and activity

A

need 12 hrs/day an 1 nap
sleep problems common
tourine
transitional objects (blanket, animal)
encourage activity

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24
Q

toddler: dental

A

regular exams, remove plaque, fluoride, low cariogenic diet
never too early to start

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25
toddler: MVA
federally approved car restraint (5 point, backseat), supervise while outside, supervise tricycle riding, keep fences and doors locked, teach child to obey traffic rules
26
toddler: drowning
supervise closely, bathroom doors closed and toilet lid down, fence around swimming pools with locked gate, teach swimming and water safety
27
toddler: burns
sun, fireplace, hot liquids, electricity, heaters, fires same as infant
28
toddler: poisoning
lock toxins, caution against eating plants, drugs are not candy, never reuse containers or remove labels, dont play in trash, have poison control #
29
toddler: choke and suffocate
foods (cut), toys, old appliances, toy box or chest, garage door transmitter, drawstrings
30
toddler: falls
crib safety, equip, windows, doors, porches, balconies, bleachers, floors, bathtub, stairs, supervise at playgrounds
31
toddler: bodily damage
sharp, lollipop and popsicles - sit down to eat dont run, tools, weapons, animals, identification (their name and parents name), stranger danger
32
toddler: sex ed
find out what child knows and thinks be honest
33
toddler: preschool and kindergarten
assess readiness: age, physical ability, cognitive and social dev prep child for transition
34
toddler: speech
prevention and early detection 2-4 is most critical stuttering - okay, just slow down
35
toddler: important numbers
911, phone # and address
36
school aged: school experience
2nd only to fam as socializing transmit society values peer relationships important teachers and parents have powerful impact
37
school aged: improve performance
set aside place for work, show interest, read with child, ensure good sleep and eating, participate in activities, meet teachers, be available to help
38
school aged: latchkey children
self care before or after school increased risk for injury, stress, delinquent behavior need specific guidelines: no stove, who to call when, can friends come over, homework, snacks community services
39
school aged: fam relationships
reject parent values while testing new values of peer group eventual incorporation of parental values if found of value need to be tolerant of this need firm secure anchor of parental interest and concern
40
school aged: dishonest behavior
lying, cheating, stealing - normal to avoid punishment
41
school aged: sexuality
sense of sexuality develops, appearance and dress, answer Q's honestly, teach parents ways to promote development of + sexuality
42
school aged: social
peer relationships help parents facilitate relationships: allow friends to come over, provide transportation for child and friends, mediate risk factors
43
school aged: peer pressure
what do your friends try to get you to do?, what do you do?, what do you want to do?, who can you talk to? dress code role play
44
school aged: bullying
aggressive behavior intended to cause harm, imbalance of power, repeated verbal, name calling, threats, rumors, social exclusion, physical risk for long term psychological disturbances and psychiatric symptoms prevention programs, school programs, nursing interventions, help children deal
45
school aged: physical activity
refine skills: hand eye coordination, muscle strength, agility, speed best accomplished through organized/team activities benefits: socialization, better self esteem, weight control, increased physical ability 60 min/day start sports early provide different levels of participation
46
school aged: oral health
pattern of primary tooth shedding varies, most lost 1st tooth ~6 jaw line elongates and teeth move into new positions need supervision for oral care - brush BID, floss qD, 2xyear dental visit, goos snack choices
47
school aged: sleep
avg 9.5 hrs during school but highly individualized 8-1 may resist going to bed night terrors/sleep walking/enuresis sleep assessment teach child and parents good sleep hygiene
48
school aged: injury prevention
boys more bike related chores, lawn mowers take risk for social acceptance safety equipment for all sports motor vehicle crashes and pedestrian !!!
49
school aged: auto safety
back seat under 12 20-40 lbs: harness straps snug and come through back of seat over shoulder, no shields 40-80 lbs: belt positioning booster seat seat belts: 80lbs and >4'9"
50
adolescent: health
developmentally based sense of curiosity and movement toward autonomy provide good opportunities for health promo view of health differs from adult interest and concerns? reluctant to seek care
51
adolescent: morbidity/mortality rf
poverty, neighborhood violence, parental abuse or neglect, parental divorce, being rained for a grade in school, drug or alcohol use, smoking cig, problems with criminal justice system
52
adolescent: factors that promote health and well being
ability to adapt to new people/situations satisfactory early cognitive and academic dev - honor roll extracurricular, summer job, going to library, support from caring adult
53
adolescent: peer relationships
significant role, provide sense of belonging and feeling of strength and power, form transitional world between dependence and autonomy technology as a social environment
54
adolescent: promote safety and injury prevention
MVA: experience and maturity, follow too close, speed, text, OH, other teen passengers homicide: AA
55
adolescent: injury prevention strategies
motor and non motor: pedestrian, passenger, driver drowning, burns, poisoning, bodily damage
56
adolescent: sexual behaviors
unintentional teen pregnancies had decreased but are rising STI and HIV rates increased factors: multiple partners, no condom guidance: teach responsible practices, abstinence, discuss how STIs are transmitted and the consequences, ways to reduce risk factors, offer + reinforcement
57
adolescent: prevent drug use
experimentation common drinking and driving leading COD young smokers are more likely to be heavy smokers (illness, death) implicated in delinquency, absenteeism, dropping out of school, decreased academic performance, early sexual behaviors
58
adolescent: interventions
ask about prior experimentation discuss short term effects (school performance, smell, yellow teeth) role play how to resist peer pressure help develop cessation plans encourage parents to express view
59
adolescent: depression and suicide
lots of stress - may be unable to balance with coping depression, substance use/abuse, increased risk taking counselors depression common, ask, suicide risk screen, refer to mental health specialist or immediate supervision and referral
60
adolescent: warning signs of suicide risk
behavior: risk taking, alienation, giving away items, writing content with suicidal stuff cognitive and mood changes: hopeless, dramatic swings in affect, sleep, preoccupation with death, difficulty [], hearing voices, seeing things or people
61
adolescent: suicide prevention
effective coping, early recognition of depression and stress, social problems CDC: school and community gatekeeper training, general suicide education, peer support programs, crisis center hotlines, restrict access to lethal means, intervene after attempt
62
adolescent: prevent abuse
examine messages in videos, songs, movies, TV date rape availability of weapons has any one hurt you

peds 331 (28 decks)

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