exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
when can they roll over from back to belly
A
6 months
2
Q
lift chest off floor but not belly
A
4 months
3
Q
recognize image in mirror
A
5 months
4
Q
vision at birth
A
8-10”
5
Q
1 yr and toddler love to be _____
A
naked
6
Q
turn head and follow
A
4 month
7
Q
directed reach
A
6 month (communicate and coordination)
8
Q
tooth eruption
A
6 months - drool, small fever, gum inflam, no liquor or oragel (gag reflex), cold chew good
9
Q
sit with support
A
6 months
10
Q
no head lag, in plane
A
6 months
11
Q
sit alone - tripod
A
7 months
12
Q
sit unsupported
A
8 months
13
Q
sit from prone or supine
A
10 months
14
Q
bounce when held in standing position
A
6 months
15
Q
stand holding furniture and pull up
A
9 months
16
Q
cruise
A
10 - 12 months
17
Q
stand erect with minimal support
A
11 months
18
Q
stand alone for variable amount of time
A
12 months
19
Q
original walking position
A
arms out and wide stance (balance), flat feet (fat pad)
20
Q
pull up to sitting if you grasp hands
A
6 months
21
Q
pull to stand
A
6 - 12 months
22
Q
pull up
A
9 months (adjust crib bed lower)
23
Q
arm coordination (push back
A
4 - 6 months
24
Q
bear all weight on legs
A
6 -7 months
25
crawl forward on belly
8 - 10 months
26
creep
11 months
27
independent walking
15 months
28
pincer grasp develops
8 - 9 months
29
refined pincer grasp
11 - 12 months
develop with finger food
30
transfer hand to hand
7 months
31
object permanence
10 months - 12
search for things, memory, affects attachment and play, piaget
32
bring to mouth
4 - 6 months
bottle and feet, raking, choking!
33
biologic growth: infant
lose 10%, normal by 2 weeks, 1 oz/day till 6 months, double by 6 months, triple by 1 year
1"/ month, 50% by 1 year
occipital circumference -> brain, P, fluid
anterior (12-18, hydration - sunken/bulging), posterior (6 -8 wk)
34
infant RR
30-40
35
infant bp
75/42
36
hearing
tested at birth
37
cry 0 - 3 wk
1 - 1.5 hr/day
38
cry 3 - 6 wk
2 - 4 hr/day then decrease; vocalization
39
coo and differentiated cry
2 months
40
consonant sounds, lol
3 - 4 months
41
vowel sounds
5 -7 months
42
imitate and combine syllables
8 months
43
simple commands, "no"
9 - 10 months
44
specific cries
12 months
45
3-5 words besides mama and dada, with meaning
12 months
46
erikson: trust vs mistrust
depend on caregiver, quality influences personality, attachment, peer relationships, cant tolerate frustration (cry then war), trust env based on needs being met (trusting)
47
reflexes
how they survive until 3 months
persistent or absent = issue
48
rooting reflex
birth - 3/4 months
head midline, stroke cheek -> infant open mouth and turn head to stim
49
asymmetric tonic reflex
birth - 4/6 months
supine, rotate head to one side, hold 15 sec -> arm and leg extend on facial side, arm and leg on other side flex
50
babinski reflex
birth - 2 years
stroke bottom of sole of foot from heal to toe -> great toe flex and other toes fan
51
startle reflex
Let head fall or loud noise
Extend flex and then arms close
52
piaget: sensorimotor
reflexive
primary circular reaction: repetition, habit, all about them
secondary circular reaction: interact with env, cause and effect
coordination of secondary: responses, object perm, intentional actions
intelligence in form of motor action (reflexive to simple repetitive)
separate from others and objects, object permanence, use symbols
53
0 - 6 month toys
mobile, mirror, music box, cuddly, soft toy, rattles, teethers
54
7 - 12 months toys
security object, peek a boo, mirrors, pots and pans, stack/nest, large ball, activity box
push and pull (11-12 months)
books always appropriate
55
infant safety
no walker, always supervise, back seat facing backwards 5 point until 2 years
56
infancy stress
loss of caregiver, light, loud
57
infant sleep
up to 20 hours
5 months: through night and 2 naps
58
promote attachment
NICU
he lights up, knows you, etc
explore and mom base
6 - 8 wk: social smile
3 mo: excite
6 mo: personable, bounding
8 mo: imitate sounds
10 mo: pat a cake and peek a boo
59
infant discipline
9 - 10 months = no, stop, simple commands
60
stranger anxiety
9 - 10 months
peak at 1 year - good attachment
61
stranger fear
6 - 7 months
62
spoil
when you give into demands, not with love
63
erikson: autonomy vs shame and doubt
toddlers
control over body
set limits, dress self, "mine", "no"
64
piaget: toddlers
see and apply knowledge, symbols, problem solve, egocentrism, can think about something without it being present, animistic thought
65
toddlers: growth
5-6 lbs/year
5"/year
teeth!
66
toddler body
lordosis, fat feet, bowed leg, pot belly, head heavy (drown!), slide downstairs on belly
67
15 months
walk without help, two cubes, whole palm scribble, round peg in board
68
18 months
feed self, spoon decent, throw ball
69
24 months
run okay, up steps (monkey), copy circle and line
70
3 years
pedal, stairs, step, draw circle
71
normal toddler behavior
doesnt share, doesnt play with others, focus on control and gross motor play
72
toddler language
comprehension, ~300 by 2 year and multiword sentences, 65% understandable by 3 years (speech)
73
toddler play
mutliple use of sense, increase control of body, parallel and imitation play (tricks, dress up, dishes, cleaning -> what mom and dad do), rough and tumble, dont share
74
toddler toys
pull toys, picture books, rhymes, paper to sribble, large blocks to stack, simple puzzles, stuffed animals
75
sibling rivalry
natural, older kid stressed, prep asap, protect infant, spend time with each
76
negativism
give options but not no
77
temper tantrums
consistency, expectations and rewards, reasonable consequences, ignore, protect, normal to hold breath
78
toddler stress
negative, regress, rigid
dark separation
prep for event (1 year = 1 day before)
let them dress and be independent with food
understand more than they can express (citing)
security object - have multiple
routine = security
79
potty train
3 years
12 - 18 months: sphincter control - verbalize!
80
preschooler stress
imagination - supernatural, ghosts, monster, noise, bad people
81
preschooler growth
5 lbs; 2.5 - 3"
legs elongate - not potbelly, coordinated, sports
82
all primary teeth
5 - 6 yrs
early - early puberty
83
3+ years
tricycle, broad jump, balance on tip toe, balance on foot for few seconds, simple puzzles, clay, finger paint, copy cross or circle, stack 9
84
4 years: motor
skip and hop on 1 foot, catch ball reliably, copy crosses and squares, print some letters, use utensils skillfully, cut on line, stick figure
85
5 years: motor
throw and catch well, balance on alternate feet, skate and swim, increase strength and refinement of skills, hand preference, laces, grasp pencil, color in lines, cut and past simple shapes, can draw several body parts
86
preschooler play
learn and emotion (drawing)
associative: group at end, without rigid organization or rules
imagination, skills, language and social dev, like to help
cooperative - imaginative and imitative
imaginary friend okay unless scapegoat
role play!
know gender - sex roles
want to please, silly
view parents as all knowing
magical thinking
87
preschooler toys
clay, sandbox, ball, blocks, puzzles, books, crayons, finger paints, records/tapes, climbing, zoo, playdough, crayons, dress up, story telling
88
erikson: initiative vs guilt
preschooler
want to try everything, guilt when fail
wish negative things and feel guilty for it (they cant make things happen)
conscience develops, verbal warnings, explore, variety, imagination
role experimentation
89
piaget preschoolers
fantasy and imitative play (appear to understand more than they do), magical thinking (no causality)
totally egocentric - early recognition of others POV
no time, R/L, conservation
simple classification
90
preschool language dev
share activities with other kids, listen to stories, share their day, classify
read!
91
language 3-4 yr
brief 3-4 word sentences
92
language 4-5 yr
adverbs, adjectives, verb variety
93
school ager growth
4-6 lbs
2"
slim, muscles (fractures), tight muscles, 12 year molars, orthodontist and dental work, brain growth done
94
erikson: industry vs inferiority
school aged
industry: assemble small model, accomplishment
obtain skills to become contributing members of society, personal and interpersonal competence via technologic and social skills
activities that require practice, music, small and short hobbies and projects
need reinforcement of process rather than product
need to feel good about themselves (insulin)
95
school aged play
increased skill, intellectual ability, fantasy, groups! (be with peers) - belonging/team
conformity -> ritual
explore env, success in school, compete and cooperate, rules, observe and classify, imagination and social development, team, logical, sequential and deductive
projects with real equipment, radio/tape, action figures, book, games, TV, video games, movies
longer attention span -> quiet activities, structured activities
competitive, table games
boy and girl separate
96
bike
6 - 8 years
97
throw ball
8 - 10
98
piaget school aged
conservation, less rigid and egocentric
think about consequences
99
school aged characteristics
sleep more before growthspurt
peers! same sex
conform to rules
utensils - cut own meat
bullying and jealousy
group and classify - collect
read!
100
school aged: stress
school failure, home alone, unattractive
101
erikson: identity vs role confusion
adolescent
through experiment and testing, accept changed body, value system, career, emancipated, integrate opinions of others into likes/dislikes, intimacy, need to interact with many others
encourage group, praise, help explore career, ritual for passages, know friends, structured env
102
adolescent growth F
2-8", 15 - 55 lbs, early puberty growth the most
103
adolescent growth M
4 - 12", 15 - 65 lbs, grow most in mid puberty
104
piaget: adolescent
logic, consequences, future, love, religion, career, hypothetical
abstract thinking, think about how they feel, symbolic, reasoning
self absorbed but can see other's POV - learn from watch/share
spirituality, faith
invincibility
self conscious, no one feels this way, cause oriented, justic, it cant happen to me
105
how can adults help adolescents develop
dont take it personally, discuss behavior/consequences, ask to share POV, provide service opportunities
106
adolescents and peers
comparison (early vs late puberty), believe they are on stage, want approval (hazards), resilliency
107
adolescent play
role play
organized rec
108
secondary sex characteristics
pubic hair, menarche or penis growth, voice change, underarm hair, facial hair, oil, sweat, ance
109
F secondary sex characteristics
breast first then period within 2 years
13 or within 2 year = delay
precoscious
110
M secondary sex characteristics
9.5 - 14 = testes enlarge
pubic
14
9
111
adolescent characteristics
be open for Qs
parent affection awkward
sleep longer
clumsy
on stage, indestructible (frontal lobe)
want to fit in
112
how to feed infants
no corn syrup, honey, cow milk
20 oz at 1 month, 30 oz by 6 months, formula/breast milk until 4-5 (we like 6)
bottle gone by 12 months, no juice in bottle (1/2 and 1/2)
no water <6 months - electrolytes
113
introducing solids
cereal/rice 4-6 months with milk/formula, juice from cup and mix with cereal (Fe)
strained food
6 -7 months: finger food
9 - 12 months: chopped food
no raw apple with skin
1 at a time 5 - 7 days
whole milk until 2 years
114
toddlers and preschoolers nutrition
toddlers: physiologic anorexia, food jag, graze, qual > quan
preschoolers: dont eat as much in general, qual > quan
115
choking hazard food
grapes, hard candy, popcorn, hot dogs, raw mini carrots, other smooth-hard food
116
food to avoid for 1st year
nut, strawberries, wheat, shellfish, egg whites, citrus
117
live immunization
MMR, varicella, flumist
118
hold live immunizations
pregnant, immunocompromised (steroids, chemo), <12, severe febrile, prior reaction
119
immunization reaction concern
anaphylactic
120
infant car seats
back seat, face back, 5 point until 2 years
121
toddler car seat
5 point back seat, federally approved
122
school aged car seat
back seat <12
20 - 40 lbs = harness straps through back of seat over shoulder, no shield
40 - 80 lbs = belt positioning booster seat
80 lbs and > 4'9" = seat belt
123
toddlers safety
locked, not just out of reach
124
firearms
not in household or locked
125
seat belt
must cross clavicle and hip bone or booster
