HEALTH PROMOTION Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is fear arousal in health promotion?
A strategy that uses frightening images or statistics to get an audience’s attention and change behaviour, such as graphic ads about smoking-related illness.
What was the aim of Janis and Feshbach (1969)?
To investigate the effects of fear appeals in public health communications and to explore possible adverse effects from defensive reactions.
How did Janis and Feshbach (1969) test fear appeals?
They presented high school students with lectures on dental hygiene using three different levels of fear appeal, measuring responses and behaviour change via questionnaires.
What did Janis and Feshbach (1969) conclude about strong fear arousal?
Strong fear arousal does not increase acceptance of guidance and may actually have the opposite effect, reducing compliance.
What does the providing information strategy involve?
Giving people facts and guidance so they understand how to improve their health.
Describe the methodology of Lewin et al. (1992).
190 post-heart attack patients were randomly assigned to either a self-help rehab programme or standard care with a placebo information package.
What did Lewin et al. (1992) conclude about providing information for health?
Providing a self-help programme with information significantly improved recovery rates and psychological health after a heart attack.
Why are schools ideal sites for health promotion?
Childhood habits, like fruit and vegetable consumption, often persist into adulthood, making schools key areas for promoting healthy behaviours.
What was the goal of the Tapper et al (2003) study?
To increase fruit and vegetable consumption in school children using role models (‘Food Dudes’), taste exposure and rewards.
What method did Tapper et al (2003) use to change eating habits?
Implemented role models, positive reinforcement (rewards), and repeated taste exposure to promote healthy eating.
What was the outcome of the Food Dudes programme (Tapper et al, 2003)?
The programme effectively increased children’s fruit and vegetable intake.
What was the aim of Fox et al. (1987)’s study at mining worksites?
To see if a token economy could improve safety and health among workers in open-pit mines with high injury rates.
How did Fox et al. (1987) carry out their study?
Applied a token economy to all mine employees over several years, allowing tokens to be exchanged for household goods.
What were Fox et al. (1987)’s conclusions regarding worksite health interventions?
The token economy reduced injury rates and costs while benefiting employees and improving safety long-term.
What is unrealistic optimism?
A cognitive bias where people believe bad things are less likely to happen to them than to others; may also extend to positive events.
What were Weinstein’s (1980) study aims?
To investigate if people see themselves as less likely to face negative events and more likely to experience positive events than others, and reasons for such beliefs.
What did Weinstein (1980) find about health beliefs?
There is evidence of unrealistic optimism for both positive and negative events, often based on biased mental comparisons.
What is positive psychology?
The scientific study of what makes life worth living, focusing on the pleasant life, the good life, and the meaningful life.
What is a pleasant life, according to positive psychology?
A life spent enjoying daily pleasures and positive emotions, such as food, hobbies, and entertainment.
What defines the good life in positive psychology?
A life involving gratitude, knowing one’s strengths and weaknesses, positive relationships, meaningful work, and more positive than negative experiences.
What characterizes the meaningful life in positive psychology?
A life with purpose beyond oneself, often involving helping others or altruism.
What was Seligman’s (2004) aim in his study?
To determine if positive psychology education can lead to greater happiness.
How did Seligman (2004) investigate positive psychology’s outcomes?
By teaching a seminar on positive psychology topics to students at the University of Pennsylvania.
Describe the sample used by Shoshani and Steinmetz (2014).
1,167 students aged 11-14 from middle schools in Israel, with diverse socioeconomic backgrounds and family structures.
