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Block 5 module 3 > hearing > Flashcards

hearing Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

first portion of the ear to develop is the

A

inner ear

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2
Q

inner ear begins to form at _____ after fertilization as a thickening of the surface ectoderm, called
_______ that appear on either side of the
________.

A

22 days; otic placodes

rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

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3
Q

otic placodes invaginate quickly to form the

A

otic pits

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4
Q

The otic pits pinch off from the surface
ectoderm to form the ________ within the
______of the head.

A

otic vesicles; mesenchyme

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5
Q

middle ear develops from

A

1st pharyngeal puch

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6
Q

auditory ossicles develop from

A

1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches

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7
Q

external ear develops from

A

1st pharyngeal cleft

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8
Q

separates the middle ear and external ear

A

tympanic membrane

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9
Q

this collects sound waves and conducts them to the tympanic membrane

A

external ear

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10
Q

parts of external ear

A

auricle

external auditory canal

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11
Q

middle ear conveys sound vibrations to the ________

A

oval window

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12
Q

this conveys sound vibrations to the oval window

A

middle ear

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13
Q

middle ear serves as an _______ and _______ matching device

A

amplifier and impedance

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14
Q

middle ear receives sensory innervation mediated by

A

CN IX

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15
Q

parts of middle ear

A

tympanic cavity
tympanic membrane
auditory ossicles
eustachian tube

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16
Q

the internal ear houses the receptors for

A

hearing and equilibrium

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17
Q

the internal ear is derived from _____ of the _____

A

otic placode of the rhombencephalon

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18
Q

the internal ear is located within the ________ of the ______

A

bony labyrinth of the temporal bone

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19
Q

part of internal ear

A

labyrinth

vestibule and organ of conti

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20
Q

parts of outer ear

A

auricle (pinna)

external auditory meatus

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21
Q

the outer 1/3 of the EAC is surrounded by ______ and the outer 2/3 is by

A

cartilage

mastoid bone

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22
Q

function of EAC

A

allows air to warm before reaching TM and isolates TM from physical damage

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23
Q

the tympanic membrane changes _____ to ______ energy

A

acoustic to mechanical energy

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24
Q

3 layers of tympanic membrane

A
  1. outer squamous
  2. middle fibrous
  3. inner mucosal
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25
these conduct sound waves from the TM to the oval window of the inner ear
audtiory ossicles
26
auditory ossicles
malleus, incus and stapes
27
skeletal musscles attached to the auditory ossicles
tensor tympani and stapedius
28
attachment of stapedius muscle
stapes
29
the stapedius muscle contracts in response to loud sounds this is
acoustic reflex
30
built in earplugs
stapedius muscle
31
absent acoustic reflex could signal
conductive loss or marked sensorineural loss
32
the middle ear functions as an impedance matching device by
amplifying the sound pressure
33
Mucous-lined, connects middle ear cavity to | nasopharynx
eustachian tube
34
the eustachian tube connects the _______ to ______
mid ear to nasopharynx
35
function of eustachian tube to middle ear
it equalizes air pressure on both sides of the ear drum
36
the eustachian tube is normally
closed
37
functions of eustachian tube
1. ventilates tympanic cavity and air cells 2. equalizes pressure diff b/n tympanic cavity and atmosphere 3. drain mid ear spaces 4. creates a barrier to ascending infection
38
the cochlea houses the
organ of corti
39
end organ of hearing
organ of corti
40
where hair cells attach
tectorial membrane
41
the osseous labyrinth contains
perilymph
42
perilymph is located at
osseous labyrinth
43
membranous labyrinth contains
endolymph
44
endolymph is located at
membranous labyrinth
45
most effective sound waves are those that are transmitted across the ___ and the ______ to the oval window
drumhead; ossicles
46
As the sound pressure displaces the perilymph, it results in _______, and a traveling wave is propagated from the base to the apex of the _____
deformation of the basilar | membrane; cochlea
47
Displacement of the basilar membrane causes
movement of the Organ of Corti and its hair cells
48
The fluid-filled cochlea tends to ____ as they progress down its length, so that waves dissipate before reaching the _______
dampen the | waves; helicotrema
49
Mechanical energy of the stapes footplate | motion is converted into
electrical impulse
50
acoustic energy in the form of sound waves, is | channeled into the ear canal by the
pinna
51
Malleus, which is attached to the TM, starts
the | ossicles in motion
52
stapes moves in and out of the ________ creating a fluid motin or hydraulic energy
oval window of the cochlea
53
auditory pathway
1. 8th nerve 2. cochlear nuclei 3. superior olivary 4. nucleus 5. lateral lemniscus 6. inferiour colliculus 7. medial geniculate body 8. auditory cortex
54
where all or almost all the auditor fibers | synapse.
inferior colliculus
55
The Auditory cortex is within the ______ lobe | of the brain
temporal
56
tolerable sound is from _____ to _____-
0-140 dB
57
pitch is related to a sound's _______
vibration frequency
58
pitch is measured in
cycles per second
59
sound characterized by a definite pitch | of harmonic combination of pitches
tone
60
process wherein the perception of a sound event can be diminished by other simultaneous or near -simultaneous sound events
masking
61
low frequency is stimulated at
apex of cochlea
62
high frequency is stimulated at
base of cochlea
63
refers to the maintenance of the position of the body (mainly the head) relative to the force of gravity.
static equilibrium
64
maintenance of body position (mainly the head) in response to rotational acceleration or deceleration
dynamic equilibrium
65
receptor organs for equilibrium
vestibular apparatus
66
vestibular apparatus includes
semicircular ducts utricle saccule
67
the semicircular ducts contain
cristae
68
semicircular ducts is the site of hair cells for _______
dynamic equilibrium
69
the utricle and saccule contains ____, site of hair cells for ______
macula, static equilibrium
70
mechanic of balance involves
inner ear retina of the eye musculoskeletal CNS
71
the semicircular canals are sensitive to ______
rotation (angular acceleration)
72
sensitive to linear motion and to changes in head position relative to gravity
otolith organs
73
utriculus (utricle) is located in the
horizontal plane of the head
74
saccule is located in the
vertical plane
75
functions of the sense of equilibrium
spatial orientation balance control visual image stabilization
76
fast, | uncontrollable movements of the eyes
nystagmus

Block 5 module 3 (7 decks)

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