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Block 5 module 3 > Olfactory > Flashcards

Olfactory Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

the olfactory system lies in the __________ of each nostril

A

superior part

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2
Q

olfactory mucosa is innervated by _____

A

CN I & V

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3
Q

CN responsible for irrtitative character of some odorants

A

CNV trigeminal

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4
Q

Receptor cells for smell sensation are _______

A

olfactory cells

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5
Q

glia like supporting cells of the olfactory system

A

sustentacular cells

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6
Q

These are found among the olfactory cells and they secrete mucus onto the _______

A

Bowman’s glands; olfactory membrane surface

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7
Q

These cells continue to divide to produce new olfactory receptor cells that have short life spans

A

basall cells

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8
Q

Basal cells produce

A

olfactory receptor cells

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9
Q

the ones that respond to olfactory chemical stimuli

A

Olfactory Cilia

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10
Q

odor qualities that can be sensed

A 
floral
ethereal
musky
camphor
putrid
pungent
pepperminty
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11
Q

olfactory cilia have _______ long molecules that thread their way thru the membrane about 7 times

A

receptor proteins

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12
Q

the inside folding of receptor proteins is coupled to a ________ made of ______

A

G-proteins; 3 subunits

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13
Q

What are olfactory bulb and tract

A

anterior outgrowths of brain tissue from the brain’s base

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14
Q

anterior
outgrowths of brain tissue from the brain’s
base.

A

olfactory bulb and tract

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15
Q

the olfactory bulb lies over the _______

A

cribriform plate

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16
Q

the olfactory bulb separates the ______ from the _______

A

brain cavity from the upper nasal cavity

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17
Q

These allow small nerves to pass from the olfactory membrane to the olfactory bulb

A

cribriform plate perforations

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18
Q

the cribriform plate perforations allow small nerves to pass from________ to ______

A

olfactory membrane to olfactory bulb

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19
Q

where does the olfactory cells’ axon terminate

A

globular glomeruli within the olfactory bulb

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20
Q

principal cells of the olfactory bulb

A

mitral cells

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21
Q

olfactory cells are ______ and _____

A

excitatory and glutaminergic

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22
Q

the mitral cells project through the __________ and ________ to the ______ and _______

A

olfactory tract and lateral olfactory stria to the

primary olfactory cortex and amygdala.

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23
Q

Mitral & tufted cell bodies lie in the _______ superior to the ________.

A

olfactory bulb; glomeruli

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24
Q

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

A

synapse

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25
what are synapses
junction between 2 nerve cells with a minute gap where impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter
26
the dendrites of mitral and tufted cell bodies receive synapses from
olfactory neurons
27
inhibitory neurons connecting 1 glomerulus to another
periglomerular cells
28
these make reciprocal synapses with mitral and tufted cells
granule cells
29
olfactory bulbs contain _______ and _______
periglomerular cells and granule cells
30
mitral or tufted cells excite granule cells by releasing _____
glutamate
31
what inhibit mitral or tufted cells
granule cells
32
the mitral or tufted cells release glutamate to
excite granule cells
33
odorant substance binds with _________ in the ___________
receptor proteins; olfactory cilium membrane
34
on excitation of receptor protein what happens then
an alpha subunit breaks away from the G-protein
35
alpha subunit activates _______ attached to the inside of the ciliary membrane near the receptor cell body
adenylyl cyclase
36
what does the adenylyl cyclase do
converts ATP to cAMP
37
cAMP activates
gated sodium ion channel
38
Na ions increase ______ in the ______ direction
electrical potential; positive
39
olfactory neuron excitation and AP transmission into CNS via ______-
olfactory nerve
40
_______ are the only substances that can be sniffed into the nostrils can be smelled
volatile substances
41
Stimulating substances must be atleast
slightly water soluble and slightly lipid soluble
42
why stimulating substances must be lipid soluble
lipid constituents of the cilium are a weak barrier to nonlipid soluble odorants
43
rate of olfactory nerve impulses corresponds to
logarithm of stimulus strength
44
olfactory receptors adapt about _______ in the 1st second after stimulation
50%
45
where does most additional adaptation to smell occurs
within the CNS
46
Where does centrifugal nerve fibers pass and its direction along the olfactory tract
olfactory regions of the brain; backward
47
centrifugal nerve fibers terminate on ______ in the ______
special inhibitory granule cells in the olfactory bulb
48
What happens to CNS after onset of olfactory stimulus
it develops strong feedback inhibition to suppress relay of smell signals through the olfactory bulb
49
smell is concerned more with detecting ______ than _____
presence or absence of odors than quantitative detection of intensities
50
Part of the brain that originally subserved | olfaction evolved into the
limbic system
51
ipsilateral olfactory trigone aka
olfactory tubercle
52
integrated signals pass along the olfactory tract and centrally diverge to the ______ or terminate in the _______. axons then project to the _______
anterior commisure; ipsilateral olfactory trigone; primary olfactory cortex, entorhinal cortex and amygdala
53
Brodman's area for primary olfactory cortex
34
54
the brimary olfactory cortex overlies the
uncus
55
olfactory tract enters the brain at the _________, between _____ and ______-
anterior junction between mesencephalon and cerebrum
56
the olfactory tract divides into pathways, one going to _______ and the other to _______
medial olfactory area; lateral olfactory area
57
the septal nuclei feed into the ______ and _____
hypothalamus and other primitive limbic system portions
58
this feed into the hypothalamus & | other primitive limbic system portions
septal nuclei
59
medial olfactory area aka
very old olfactory system
60
lateral olfactory area aka
less old olfactory area
61
lateral olfactory area is composed of
prepyriform cortex and cortical portion of the amygdaloid nuclei
62
the lateral olfactory area does not pass through the
thalamus
63
only area that does not pass first | through the thalamus.
lateral olfactory area
64
inability to smell
anosmia
65
diminished olfactory sensitivity
hposmia or hypesthesia
66
hyperosmia
enhanced olfactory sensivity
67
this may cause olfactory hallucinations
lesions in the parahippocampal uncus

Block 5 module 3 (7 decks)

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