The Brainstem

Question 1

the brainstem is made up of

Answer 1

medulla oblongata
pons
midbrain

Question 2

the brainstem occupies the ________ of the skull

Answer 2

posterior cranial fossa

Question 3

the brainstem extends from the _______ to the __________

Answer 3

pyramidal decussation to the posterior commisure

Question 4

blood supply of the brainstem

Answer 4

vertebrobasilar

Question 5

the brainstem contains all the important nuclei of CN ____

Answer 5

3-12

Question 6

the brainstem contains important reflex centers associated with the control of _____

Answer 6

respiration and the CV system and control of consciousness

Question 7

smallest and least differentiated division of brainstem

Answer 7

midbrain (mesencephalon)

Question 8

the midbrain comprises 2 lateral halves called the

Answer 8

cerebral peduncles

Question 9

the midbrain is divided into

Answer 9

anterior crus cerebri and posterior tegmentum

Question 10

the midbrain mediates what reflexes

Answer 10

auditory and visual

Question 11

the midbrain contains

Answer 11

substantia nigra

largest nucleus of Mb and paramedian reticular formation

Question 12

the midbrain extends from the _____ to the _____

Answer 12

superior medullary velum to the posterior commisure

Question 13

3 parts of midbrain

Answer 13

1. Tectum
2. Tegmentum
3. Crura Cerebri

Question 14

the tectum lie dorsal to

Answer 14

cerebral aqueduct

Question 15

the tectum is formed by

Answer 15

2 pairs of colliculi and corpora qaudrigemina

Question 16

the superior and inferior colliculi together with the corpora qaudrigemina forms the

Answer 16

tectum

Question 17

contain neurons that receive visual as

well as other input and serve ocular reflexes

Answer 17

superior colliculi

Question 18

involved in auditory reflexes and in

determining side on which sound originates

Answer 18

inferior colliculi

Question 19

round eminences on posterior

surface.

Answer 19

corpora quadrigemina

Question 20

central part of the midbrain

Answer 20

tegmentum

Question 21

the tegmentum is ventral to

Answer 21

cerebral aqueduct

Question 22

the tegmentum contains

Answer 22

1. oculomotor nuclei
2. mesenphalic
3. reticular formation
   red nuclei

Question 23

the red nucleus receives

Answer 23

crossed efferent fibers from cerebellum

Question 24

the red nucleus is characterized by

Answer 24

pinkish yellow color (high vascularization)

Question 25

the red nucleus sends fibers to

Answer 25

thalamus and contralateral spinal cord

Question 26

the red nucleus is an important component for

Answer 26

motor coordination

Question 27

this contains descending cortical projections

Answer 27

crura cerebri

Question 28

the crura cerebri contains _______ projections

Answer 28

descending cortical

Question 29

this contributes to the formation of crossed tectospinal tracts

Answer 29

colliculi

Question 30

the colliculi contributes to the formation of

Answer 30

crossed tectospinal tracts

Question 31

deep depression in the midline

Answer 31

interpeduncular fossa

Question 32

boundary of interpeduncular fossa

Answer 32

crus cerebri

Question 33

region where many small | blood vessels perforate the floor of interpeduncular fossa

Answer 33

Posterior perforated substance

Question 34

emerges from a groove on medial | side of crus ceribri

Answer 34

occulomotor nerve

Question 35

Separates tectum from tegmentum

Answer 35

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 36

Separates midbrain tegmentum from crus cerebri

Answer 36

Substantia nigra

Question 37

Contains descending autonomic tracts, endorphinproducing | cells (suppress pain)

Answer 37

Periaqueductal Gray matter

Question 38

Contains efferent fibers from dentate nucleus of cerebellum | to opposite red nucleus and vental spinocerebellar tracts

Answer 38

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

Question 39

the inferior colliculus forms part of the

Answer 39

auditory pathway

Question 40

superior colliculus forms part of the

Answer 40

visual reflexes

Question 41

what connects the superior colliculus to the lateral geniculate body

Answer 41

superior brachium

Question 42

the pons contains

Answer 42

auditory relay nuclei and vestibular nuclei

Question 43

the pons is connected to the cerebellum by

Answer 43

middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 44

the facial and abducens nucleus forms the

Answer 44

facial colliculus

Question 45

CN found in pons

Answer 45

5-8

Question 46

the dorsal tegmental portion of the pons is a continuation of the

Answer 46

reticular formation of the medulla oblongata

Question 47

in the lower part of the pons are collected into a distinct | strand, named the

Answer 47

trapezoid body.

Question 48

In the substance of the trapezoid body is a collection of | nerve cells, which constitutes the

Answer 48

trapezoid nucleus

Question 49

continuous with those of the medulla oblongata

Answer 49

longitudinal fibers

Question 50

small mass of gray substance situated on the dorsal | surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body

Answer 50

superior olivary nucleus

Question 51

most caudal segment of the brainstem

Answer 51

medulla oblongata

Question 52

appearance of pyramids on anterior surface partially | obliterates the

Answer 52

anterior median fissure

Question 53

swelling on each side of the median fissure,

Answer 53

pyramid

Question 54

the pyramid is composed of

Answer 54

bundles of nerve fibers and corticospinal fibers

Question 55

oval elevations produced by underlying inferior olivary | nuclei

Answer 55

olives

Question 56

emerge from the groove between pyramid | and olive

Answer 56

hypoglossal nerve

Question 57

the hypoglossal nerve emerge from

Answer 57

groove between pyrmaid and olive

Question 58

posterior to olives, connect | medulla to cerebellum

Answer 58

inferior cerebellar peduncles

Question 59

elongated swelling produced by gracile | nucleus

Answer 59

gracile tubercle

Question 60

swelling lateral to gracile tubercle, produced | by underlying cuneate nucleus

Answer 60

cuneate tubercle

Question 61

the supraspinal nucleus is composed of

Answer 61

somatic motor neurons extending to the lower medulla

Question 62

the fiber tracts of white matter have the same arrangements as in

Answer 62

cervical spinal segments

Question 63

a stalk-like bundle of fibers containing 1 or | more axon tracts.

Answer 63

peduncle

Question 64

all fibers of the inferior cerebellar peduncle are ______ to the ______

Answer 64

afferent to the cerebellum

Question 65

Cell groups lying along the midline of medulla, pons, and | midbrain.

Answer 65

raphe nuclei

Question 66

the raphe nuclei and midbrain are sources of

Answer 66

ascending projections

Question 67

tectospinal tract mediates ________ in | response to____ stimuli

Answer 67

reflex postural movements; visual and auditory

Question 68

the corticoreticular fibers terminate in

Answer 68

portions of the pons and medulla

Question 69

the cerebelloreticular fibers terminate in the

Answer 69

paramedian reticular nuclei

Question 70

the cerebelloreticular fibers originate from

Answer 70

fastigial and dentate nuclei

Question 71

the central tegmental tract terminate in

Answer 71

intralaminar and thalamic nuclei

Question 72

the central tegmental tract plays an important role in

Answer 72

mechanism of arousal and sleep

Question 73

caused when one hemisphere swells and pushes the | cingulate gyrus by the falx cerebri

Answer 73

cingulate or subfalcine herniation

Question 74

consist of caudal displacement of the diencephalon, | midbrain and pons

Answer 74

central herniation

Question 75

ncrease pressure to the cerebellar fossa | causes the cerebellum to move up through the tentorial opening

Answer 75

cerebellar herniation

Question 76

The cerebellar tonsils herniate through the foramen in | magnum in

Answer 76

tonsillar herniation

Question 77

in tonsillar herniation the cerebellar tonsils herniate through the

Answer 77

foramen magnum