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Anatomy Unit 4 > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

What is the basic pattern of blood flow?

A

Deoxygenated blood flows from systemic cells to Right Atrium -> Flows through Right Ventricle -> Flows to Lungs -> Oxygenated blood flows to Left Atrium from lungs -> Flows through Left Ventricle to be pumped back to systemic cells.

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2
Q

What is the outmost layer of the heart specifically called?

A

Fibrous Pericardium

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3
Q

Which layer of the heart wall is the thickest?

A

Myocardium

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4
Q

The visceral layer of the pericardium is also know as which layer of the heart wall?

A

Epicardium

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5
Q

Which of the two parts of the pericardium touches the heart wall?

A

Serous Pericardium

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6
Q

Which of the three layers of the heart wall contains simple squamous epithelium?

A

Endocardium

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7
Q

The heart is located where?

A

Middle mediastinum

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8
Q

The aortic arch starts and ends between which two thoracic vertebrae?

A

T4-T5 (Transverse Thoracic Plane) & Angle of Louis

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9
Q

The heart functions
as two coordinated
masses of fibers
called what?

A

Syncitiums

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10
Q

What can you begin looking for at day 22 of heart development?

A

Heartbeat

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11
Q

What can you begin looking for at day 21 of heart development?

A

The fusing of endocardial/ heart tubes

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12
Q

A defect in this would allow blood to flow from the left ventricle to right ventricle?

A

Interventricular Septum

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13
Q

Which septum located right next to the Foramen Ovale?

A

Interatrial Septum

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14
Q

A blockage in the anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery would result in what?

A

Oxygenated blood not being able to flow to system cells. These are the arteries for the left atrium and ventricle.

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15
Q

The coronary artery supplies blood to which side of the heart?

A

Right side of the heart.

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16
Q

Which cardiac vein runs alongside the posterior interventricular artery?

A

Middle Cardiac Vein

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17
Q

Which of the three main cardiac veins are on the right side of the heart?

A

Small & Middle Cardiac Veins.

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18
Q

The right atrioventricular valve is also known as what?

A

Tricuspid Valve

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19
Q

The left atrioventricular valve is also known as what?

A

Bicuspid Valve

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20
Q

In which part of the heart would you find the pectinate muscles?

A

Atria

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21
Q

In which part of the heart would you find the trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles?

A

Ventricles

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22
Q

Which are the only types of arteries that carry deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary Arteries lead away from the heart to the lungs.

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23
Q

Which are the only types of veins that carry oxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary Veins

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24
Q

In the coronary circuit, where do the coronary arteries receive oxygenated blood from?

A

Ascending Aorta

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25
In the coronary circuit, where do the cardiac veins drain blood back into?
Right Atrium
26
The QRS complex represents which two events?
1) Ventricular Depolarization 2) Atrial Repolarization
27
Which electrocardiogram wave represents atrial depolarization?
P Wave
28
The ascending aorta is located in which part of the mediastinum?
Superior Mediastinum
29
Which electrocardiogram wave represents ventricular repolarization?
T wave
30
Which type of innervation (Sympathetic or Parasympathetic) uses a cardioinhibitory center?
Parasympathetic
31
Which type of innervation (Sympathetic or Parasympathetic) uses a cardioacceleratory center?
Sympathetic
32
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic fibers make up which part of the heart?
Cardiac Plexus
33
Which type of innervation (Sympathetic or Parasympathetic) of the heart has an effect on the force of contraction?
Sympathetic (Increases both heart rate and force of contraction)
34
In the heart conduction pathway, which node sends muscle impulses to the atria?
Sinoatrial Node (SA)
35
Perjunkie fibers are located in the walls of which part of the heart?
Ventricular Walls
36
The atrioventricular bundle is also called what?
Bundle of His
37
Which step in the Conduction System of the heart is represented here?
Step 1
38
Which step in the Conduction System of the heart is represented here?
Step 2
39
Which step in the Conduction System of the heart is represented here?
Step 3
40
Which step in the Conduction System of the heart is represented here?
Step 4
41
Which step in the Conduction System of the heart is represented here?
Step 5
42
Which structure collects the blood from the pulmonary veins (venae pulmonales)?
Left Atrium
43
Which anatomical structure needs to contract for blood to be pumped into the left ventricle (Ventriculus sinister)?
Left Atrium
44
The left common carotid artery (Arteria carotis communis) stems from which large-diameter vessel?
Aortic Arch
45
The diagram is fused with which layer of the heart?
Fibrous pericardium
46
The inferior conical end of the heart is the base or apex?
Apex
47
Which cavity makes up the primary portion of the base of the heart?
Left atrium
48
Which layer of the heart produces the pericardial fluid?
Parietal layer of serous pericardium
49
The muscle part of the heart wall is what?
Myocardium
50
Which of the three layers of the heart wall is the most deep?
Endocardium
51
Which layer of the heart wall is this?
Myocardium
52
Which of the two ventricles is the thickest (3x Thicker)?
Left ventricle, it has to pump blood all through body compared to right ventricle which is only pumping to the lungs.
53
These two coordinated masses are called what?
Syncitiums
54
How are cardiac muscles arranged in the heart?
Around the heart in Spiral Bundles.
55
In heart development the foramen ovale connects which two heart cavities?
Right & Left Atriums
56
Heart Development: Foramen Ovale becomes what?
Fossa Ovalis
57
Heart Development: ductus Arteriosus becomes what?
Ligamentum Arteriosum
58
Heart Development: Ductus Venosus becomes what?
Ligamentum venosum
59
Heart Development: Umbilical Vein becomes what?
Ligamentum Teres
60
Heart Development: Umbilical Arteries become what?
Medial Umbilical Ligaments
61
Ductus Arteriosus forms a shunt between which two heart structures during heart development?
Pulmonary trunk & Aortic Arch
62
Which artery supplies the right border of the heart?
Right Marginal Artery
63
Which arteries are found within the coronary sulcus?
Right & Left coronary arteries
64
The heart exhibits autorhythmicity what does this mean?
It initiates its own right heartbeat
65
In heart’s conduction system where does the electrical impulse begin?
Sinoatrial Node
66
Where does the electrical impulse in the heart travel to after the SA Node?
Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)
67
Once the electrical impulse passes through the SA Node, the AV Node, it then travels through which bundles?
The left and right bundle branches
68
Where is the final point for electrical impulses before being sent superiorly from the apex to all of the ventricular myocardium?
Purkinje fibers
69
Provides structural support and acts as an electrical insulator between atria and ventricles
Fibrous skeleton
70
Where in the heart are the Trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles?
Ventricles
71
Where in the heart are Pectinate muscles?
The left and right atriums

Anatomy Unit 4 (10 decks)

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