heart

Question 1

what is inhalation?

Answer 1

breathing in

Question 2

what is exhalation?

Answer 2

breathing out

Question 3

What happens during inspiration?

Answer 3

lungs create a vacuum
intercostal muscles contract pulling ribs out and up
diaphragm contracts and flattens increasing chest size
so lung size can increase
lungs can expand more in exercise with sternocleidomastoid and pectorals

Question 4

What happens during experation?

Answer 4

intercostal muscles relax and ribs go in and down
diaphragm relaxes goes up
lungs decrease in size

Question 5

order of breathing in
(nose/ mouth - …)

Answer 5

nose/mouth
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
capillaries

Question 6

what is gaseous exchange?

Answer 6

.process where O2 from air in ALVEOLI moves into BLOOD in the capillaries
.CO2 goes from blood to alveoli

Question 7

features of alveoli?

Answer 7

.large SA
.moist thin walls
.Short diffusion distance
.lots of capillaries
.large blood supply

Question 8

What is lung volume?

Answer 8

amount of air inhaled, exhaled and stored in lungs

Question 9

What is tidal volume?

Answer 9

amount of air breathed in and out during a normal breath

Question 9

How to measure lung volume?

Answer 9

spirometer

Question 10

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 10

amount of extra air that can be forcibly inhaled after normal breath

Question 11

What is expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 11

amount of extra air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal breath

Question 12

What is residual volume?

Answer 12

air that remains in lungs after max exhale. prevent lungs from collapsing

Question 13

during exercise what happens to
tidal volume,
inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume
and residual volume?

Answer 13

TV increases
IRV decreases
ERV decreases
RV stays the same

Question 15

what is heart made out of?

Answer 15

cardiac muscle

Question 16

order of heart?
Vena…

Answer 16

vena cava
right atrium
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary vein
left atrium
left ventricle
aorta
body

Question 17

What are capillaries?

Answer 17

.one cell thick
.thin moist walls
.function - gaseous exchange

Question 18

what are arteries?

Answer 18

.small lumen
.thick walls
.high pressure
.oxygenated
.AWAY from heart
.elasticated walls

Question 19

What are veins?

Answer 19

.large lumen
.thin walls
.low pressure
.INTO heart
.deoxygenated
.valves

Question 20

what is the only exception for veins?

Answer 20

Pulmonary vein is oxygenated

Question 21

What is the only exception for arteries?

Answer 21

Pulmonary artery is deoxygenated

Question 22

what are valves for?

Answer 22

prevent backflow

Question 23

what are the 2 values on a blood pressure reading?

Answer 23

systolic
dystolic

Question 23

what is systolic?

Answer 23

blood pressure while the heart is pumping

Question 24

what is blood pressure?

Answer 24

force of blood passing through arteries

Question 25

What is dystolic?

Answer 25

blood pressure while the heart is relaxing

Question 26

What is a heart rate?

Answer 26

number of times your heart beats in 1 minute

Question 27

max heart rate?

Answer 27

220 - your age = max HR

Question 27

average resting heart rate?

Answer 27

70-72bpm

Question 28

what does a lower resting heart rate mean?

Answer 28

high levels of cardio-vascular endurance/ aerobic fitness

Question 29

equation for cardiac output?

Answer 29

Q = SV * HR

Question 30

what is cardiac output?

Answer 30

amount of blood pumped out heart in 1 MINUTE

Question 30

What is stroke volume

Answer 30

amount of blood pumped out the heart in 1 BEAT

Question 31

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 31

.carry oxygen (haemoglobin) .made in bone marrow

Question 32

What can affect your heat rate?

Answer 32

.diet .obesity .drugs .lifestyle choices .exercise .gender .height

Question 33

What does platelets do?

Answer 33

.protect body, stopping it from bleeding .clump together to form scabs .prevents infection

Question 33

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 33

produce antibodies .destroy harmful microorganisms .prevent infection .made in bone marrow

Question 34

What does plasma do?

Answer 34

.transports everything .blood cells. CO2, hormones, waste

Question 35

functions of the blood?

Answer 35

.transport nutrients and waste .deliver oxygen to working muscles .remove heat .get rid of LA .defend body against infection .regulate blood pressure

Question 36

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 36

a response to being too cold. narrowing of blood vessels at the skin surface to reduce heat loss

Question 37

What is vasodilation?

Answer 37

a response to being too hot. widening of blood vessels at the skin surface to increase heat loss

Question 38

What is vascular shunt?

Answer 38

During exercise, blood is redistributed so more goes to working muscles. This redirection of blood flow is called vascular shunt.