heart

Question 1

2 divisions of the vascular system

Answer 1

pulmonary circuit (to lungs)
systemic circuit (to body)

Question 2

arteries

Answer 2

efferent vessels - go away from the heart

Question 3

veins

Answer 3

afferent vessels - go towards the heart

Question 4

capillaries

Answer 4

small vessels for gas exchange

Question 5

how is left and right side divided

Answer 5

interventricular and interarterial septum

Question 6

heart sounds?

Answer 6

valves closing

Question 7

left atrium

Answer 7

receives blood from lungs

Question 8

left ventricle

Answer 8

pumps blood to body

Question 9

right atrium

Answer 9

receives blood from body

Question 10

right ventricle

Answer 10

pumps blood to body

Question 11

apex

Answer 11

bottom/tip - touches diaphragm

Question 12

base

Answer 12

top - at level do rib number 2

Question 13

pericardium

Answer 13

outer covering

Question 14

coronary arteries

Answer 14

oxygenate the heart muscle

Question 15

epicardium

Answer 15

innermost layer of pericardium

Question 16

myocardium

Answer 16

muscle wall

Question 17

endocardium

Answer 17

hearts inner surface and valves

Question 18

right atrioventricular valve

Answer 18

tricuspid - right atrium to right ventricle

Question 19

left atrioventricular valve

Answer 19

bicuspid or mitral - left atrium to left ventricle

Question 20

pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 20

right ventricle to pulmonary artery

Question 21

aortic semilunar valve

Answer 21

left ventricle to aorta

Question 22

valve function

Answer 22

chordae tendineae attach valves to papillary muscles
force of contraction pushes blood through the valves
CT/PM together prevent backflow into the atria

Question 23

systole

Answer 23

ventricles are contracted

Question 24

diastole

Answer 24

when the ventricles are relaxed

Question 25

aorta

Answer 25

O2 - leaves left ventricle and goes to body (arches)

Question 26

inferior/superior vena cava

Answer 26

no O2 - brings blood back to right atrium

Question 27

pulmonary artery

Answer 27

no O2 - sends blood from right ventricle to lungs (trunk, left and right branches)

Question 28

pulmonary veins

Answer 28

O2 - brings blood from lungs to the left atrium

Question 29

electrical impulses and heart contraction

Answer 29

1. SA mode fires causing right then left atrium to contract 2. impulse hits AV node 3. AV node sends impulse down bundle of His in interventricular sputum 4. bundle of His branches into Perkinje fibers and goes to left and right ventricles 5. right and then left ventricles contract

Question 30

EKG or ECG

Answer 30

electrocardiogram - detects electricity of the heart with leads - see if heart is beating properly or if there are arrhythmias

Question 31

P

Answer 31

impulse spreads across the atria and they contract

Question 32

QRS complex

Answer 32

impulse spreads to ventricles triggering contraction (big spike because the ventricles are large)

Question 33

T

Answer 33

ventricles return to resting state

Question 34

cardiac cycle

Answer 34

from the start of one heart beat to the start of the next - both periods of contraction and one of relaxations

Question 35

normal "sinus" rhythm

Answer 35

70-80 bpm

Question 36

bradycardia

Answer 36

less than normal - <60 bpm

Question 37

tachycardia

Answer 37

higher than normal - >100 bpm

Question 38

heart block

Answer 38

damage to conduction paths disrupts normal rhythm

Question 39

fibrillation

Answer 39

uncoordinated contraction that prevents normal function

Question 40

angina pectoris

Answer 40

severe chest pain resulting from temporary loss of blood due to exertion or stress

Question 41

cardiac output

Answer 41

CO - amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute - ave: 5 liters/minute

Question 42

calculating CO

Answer 42

stroke volume x heart rate heart rate ave (beats/min): 75 stroke volume ave (ml/beat): 70 cardiac output (ml/min): 5250

Question 43

how long for blood to pass through body once

Answer 43

1 min

Question 44

Starlings Law

Answer 44

stroke volume determines force of heartbeat - during exercise more blood enters the ventricles causing them to stretch which in turn causes a harder contraction forcing more blood out - more in = more out