digestion

Question 1

ingestion

Answer 1

to put food into your body

Question 2

mechanical processing

Answer 2

chewing, manipulate with tongue, peristalsis

Question 3

digestion

Answer 3

break food into building blocks

Question 4

secretion

Answer 4

enzymes, acids, water, bases, mucous

Question 5

absorption

Answer 5

moving of the building blocks, water, vitamins/minerals, into blood stream

Question 6

excretion

Answer 6

getting rid of indigestible items

Question 7

how does digestive system help immune system?

Answer 7

acid of stomach “melts” foreign bacteria

Question 8

peristalsis

Answer 8

muscular waves found along entire digestive tract to keep it moving - longitudinal and circular muscles - (reverse peristalsis is puking)

Question 9

oral cavity

Answer 9

teeth, tongue manipulate food into a bolus - salivary glands (sublingual, submandibular, and parotid) produce saliva which starts the breakdown of fats and carbs (salivary amylase)

Question 10

2 sets of teeth

Answer 10

20 primary teeth and then 32 secondary teeth

Question 11

types of teeth

Answer 11

incisors (8)
canines/cuspids (4)
premolars (8)
molar (12)

Question 12

crown

Answer 12

part of tooth above gumline

Question 13

root

Answer 13

part of tooth below gumline

Question 14

enamel

Answer 14

covers the crown, hardest biological substance, resists decay

Question 15

dentin

Answer 15

bulk of each tooth, similar to bone, no cells

Question 16

pulp cavity

Answer 16

blood vessels and nerves

Question 17

root canal

Answer 17

where blood vessels and nerves enter the tooth

Question 18

periodontal ligament

Answer 18

holds tooth in place

Question 19

pharynx

Answer 19

common passageway for air, food, liquid. has receptors that initiate the swallowing reflex

Question 20

swallowing

Answer 20

started voluntarily and continued automatically (food=bolus)

Question 21

esophagus

Answer 21

10 inches long, lubricated by mucus, sphincters on both ends, peristalsis

Question 22

stomach

Answer 22

stores invested food - mechanical and chemical breakdown - when food leaves it is chyme - sphincters on each end (cardiac or lower esophageal and pyloric) - makes mucus to protect against acid - food triggers release of gastric juices

Question 23

chemical breakdown

Answer 23

gastric juices help to break down proteins, fats, and carbs. HCl (stomach acid) kills bacteria (has pH of 2)

Question 24

acid reflux

Answer 24

acid from stomach moves into esophagus because of weakening of cardiac sphincter - heart burn, indigestion

Question 25

helicobacter pylori

Answer 25

bacteria that causes ulcers by eating mucus

Question 26

small intestine

Answer 26

chemical digestion and absorption - duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Question 27

duodenum

Answer 27

links with liver/gall bladder and pancreas - lots of chemical digestion takes place here

Question 28

liver

Answer 28

aids immune system and removes toxins - destroys old or damages blood cells - produces bile salts which emulsifies fat - regulates metabolism

Question 29

gall bladder

Answer 29

stores product of the liver

Question 30

pancreas

Answer 30

controls uptake of glucose (insulin and glucagon)

Question 31

diabetes

Answer 31

type 1: you don't make enough insulin | type 2: a resistance to insulin has occurred

Question 32

pancreatic enzymes

Answer 32

breaks down proteins, nucleus acids, and carbs. turns chime into pH of 8

Question 33

jejunum

Answer 33

last bit of digestion getting macromolecules into their single building blocks for absorption

Question 34

ileum

Answer 34

absorption - diffusion and active transport

Question 35

vitamins

Answer 35

ADEK are fat soluble and are stored in the fat, B complex, C water soluble - only absorb what is needed

Question 36

messenteric blood vessels

Answer 36

all nutrients leave the small intestines via these and enter liver for processing

Question 37

cecum

Answer 37

reabsorbs bile salts and sends them back to the liver

Question 38

colon functions

Answer 38

absorbs water, breakdown of toxin so

Question 39

insulin

Answer 39

allows glucose to be absorbed into the small intestines

Question 40

glucagon

Answer 40

releases glucose from stored glycogen