digestion Flashcards

(40 cards)

1
Q

ingestion

A

to put food into your body

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2
Q

mechanical processing

A

chewing, manipulate with tongue, peristalsis

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3
Q

digestion

A

break food into building blocks

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4
Q

secretion

A

enzymes, acids, water, bases, mucous

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5
Q

absorption

A

moving of the building blocks, water, vitamins/minerals, into blood stream

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6
Q

excretion

A

getting rid of indigestible items

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7
Q

how does digestive system help immune system?

A

acid of stomach “melts” foreign bacteria

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8
Q

peristalsis

A

muscular waves found along entire digestive tract to keep it moving - longitudinal and circular muscles - (reverse peristalsis is puking)

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9
Q

oral cavity

A

teeth, tongue manipulate food into a bolus - salivary glands (sublingual, submandibular, and parotid) produce saliva which starts the breakdown of fats and carbs (salivary amylase)

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10
Q

2 sets of teeth

A

20 primary teeth and then 32 secondary teeth

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11
Q

types of teeth

A

incisors (8)
canines/cuspids (4)
premolars (8)
molar (12)

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12
Q

crown

A

part of tooth above gumline

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13
Q

root

A

part of tooth below gumline

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14
Q

enamel

A

covers the crown, hardest biological substance, resists decay

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15
Q

dentin

A

bulk of each tooth, similar to bone, no cells

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16
Q

pulp cavity

A

blood vessels and nerves

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17
Q

root canal

A

where blood vessels and nerves enter the tooth

18
Q

periodontal ligament

A

holds tooth in place

19
Q

pharynx

A

common passageway for air, food, liquid. has receptors that initiate the swallowing reflex

20
Q

swallowing

A

started voluntarily and continued automatically (food=bolus)

21
Q

esophagus

A

10 inches long, lubricated by mucus, sphincters on both ends, peristalsis

22
Q

stomach

A

stores invested food - mechanical and chemical breakdown - when food leaves it is chyme - sphincters on each end (cardiac or lower esophageal and pyloric) - makes mucus to protect against acid - food triggers release of gastric juices

23
Q

chemical breakdown

A

gastric juices help to break down proteins, fats, and carbs. HCl (stomach acid) kills bacteria (has pH of 2)

24
Q

acid reflux

A

acid from stomach moves into esophagus because of weakening of cardiac sphincter - heart burn, indigestion

25
helicobacter pylori
bacteria that causes ulcers by eating mucus
26
small intestine
chemical digestion and absorption - duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
27
duodenum
links with liver/gall bladder and pancreas - lots of chemical digestion takes place here
28
liver
aids immune system and removes toxins - destroys old or damages blood cells - produces bile salts which emulsifies fat - regulates metabolism
29
gall bladder
stores product of the liver
30
pancreas
controls uptake of glucose (insulin and glucagon)
31
diabetes
type 1: you don't make enough insulin | type 2: a resistance to insulin has occurred
32
pancreatic enzymes
breaks down proteins, nucleus acids, and carbs. turns chime into pH of 8
33
jejunum
last bit of digestion getting macromolecules into their single building blocks for absorption
34
ileum
absorption - diffusion and active transport
35
vitamins
ADEK are fat soluble and are stored in the fat, B complex, C water soluble - only absorb what is needed
36
messenteric blood vessels
all nutrients leave the small intestines via these and enter liver for processing
37
cecum
reabsorbs bile salts and sends them back to the liver
38
colon functions
absorbs water, breakdown of toxin so
39
insulin
allows glucose to be absorbed into the small intestines
40
glucagon
releases glucose from stored glycogen