nervous system

Question 1

neuron

Answer 1

functioning unit of nervous system - those found in brain/spinal chord can’t divide

Question 2

dendrite

Answer 2

receive messages (diagram term)

Question 3

cell body

Answer 3

contains organelles (diagram term)

Question 4

nissl bodies

Answer 4

clusters of rough er and free ribosomes (gray)

Question 5

axon

Answer 5

continues messages to axon/synaptic terminals

Question 6

myelin

Answer 6

insulating sheath around an axon consisting of multiple layers of glial plasma membrane; makes message send faster

Question 7

Schwann cells

Answer 7

glial cell of the PNS that cover axons and make myelin

Question 8

nodes of Ranvier

Answer 8

small gaps between adjacent cell bodies where message jumps along axon

Question 9

oligondendrocytes

Answer 9

glial cell that myelinates axons in CNS

Question 10

multiple sclerosis

Answer 10

progressive destruction of myelin sheaths
lots of inflammation
damage/scarring of nervous tissue
gradual loss of motor control and sensation
can affect brain/SC (produces plaques)
loss of coordination, problems with vision/speech

Question 11

sensory/afferent neurons

Answer 11

can pick up information on the external or internal environments (diagram term)

Question 12

motor/efferent neurons

Answer 12

cause of movement of smooth, skeletal, or cardiac muscle (diagram term)

Question 13

inter neurons

Answer 13

only in brain/sc, link nerves in reflex arch, may playa role in memory (diagram term)

Question 14

gray matter

Answer 14

neuron cell bodies, located in ganglia (diagram term)

Question 15

white matter

Answer 15

neuron axons, bundled together as nerve (diagram term)

Question 16

neuroglia

Answer 16

aka glial cells, support neurons by regulations environment and destroying pathogens. several types exist

Question 17

action potential

Answer 17

actual message being sent through a neuron

Question 18

resting potential

Answer 18

+ charge outside axon (Na+)
- charge inside axon (K+)
polarized

Question 19

depolarization

Answer 19

stimulus triggers an action potential, Na+ channels open and Na+ rushes in: charges switch, hence depolarization

Question 20

repolarization

Answer 20

K+ ion channels open and repolarization occurs restoring the original charges ( - on inside and + on outside) but the ions are switched

Question 21

refractory period

Answer 21

reestablishing the correct ion position with the Na+/K+ pump (ATP needed)
no messages can be sent at this time

Question 22

axon terminal

Answer 22

action potential may jump at the synapse or use a neurotransmitter to inhibit or activate the next neuron
Na+ excites next neuron
K+ inhibits next neuron

Question 23

endorphins

Answer 23

mood elevators, natural pain killers

Question 24

norepinephrine

Answer 24

excitatory, alert, energy

Question 25

dopamine

Answer 25

pleasure, appetite control, focused

Question 26

phenylethylamine

Answer 26

bliss

Question 27

serotonin

Answer 27

anger, aggression, mood, metabolism

Question 28

central nervous system

Answer 28

brain and spinal chords

Question 29

peripheral nervous system

Answer 29

everything else

Question 30

somatic nervous system

Answer 30

division of PNS - moves skeletal muscles

Question 31

automatic nervous system

Answer 31

division of PNS - moves smooth/cardiac muscles and affects fat and glands

Question 32

brain contains how much neural tissue?

Answer 32

98%

Question 33

gyrus

Answer 33

brain bump

Question 34

sulcus

Answer 34

brain depression

Question 35

fissure

Answer 35

major brain depression

Question 36

longitudinal fissure

Answer 36

divides cerebrum into left and right cerebral hemisphere

Question 37

meninges

Answer 37

3 layers that surround brain and spinal chord

Question 38

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 38

supports brain / spinal cord; transports nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products

Question 39

meningitis

Answer 39

inflammation or infection of the meninges, usually caused by bacteria or virus; symptoms include fever, headache, stiff neck, photophobia or vomiting. bacterial has high mortality rate if not treated