heart anatomy

Question 1

What is the pump for the pulmonary circut

Answer 1

right ventricle

Question 2

what is the pump for the systemic circut

Answer 2

left ventricle

Question 3

where is the heart found

Answer 3

on the diaphragm, posterior to the sternum, in the middle part of the inferior mediastinum

Question 4

what is the base of the heart

Answer 4

superior and posterior part of the heart

Question 5

what is the apex of the heart

Answer 5

anterior and inferior part of the heart

Question 6

where is the apex of the heart located in realation to the ribs

Answer 6

in the level of the fifth intercostal space

Question 7

in which part of the mediastinum is the heart found

Answer 7

the middle part of the inferior mediastinum

Question 8

what are the layers of the pericardium from superficial to deep

Answer 8

fibrous pericardium
serous pericarium (two parts)
- pareital layer
- visceral layer

Question 9

what is found in the pericardial cavity

Answer 9

serous fluid

Question 10

what are the functions of the pericardium

Answer 10

prevent undesired movements
reduce friction
prevent overfilling of the heart

Question 11

What are the layers of the heart wall

Answer 11

epicardium (visceral layer of pericardium)
myocardium (muscle, bulk of heart wall)
endocardium (lines chambers, covers valves)

Question 12

from where does blood enter the right atrium

Answer 12

superior and inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

Question 13

what are the muscles that line the walls of the atria

Answer 13

pectinate muscles

Question 14

what are the conducting nodes of the heart and where in the heart are they found

Answer 14

the SA and AV nodes, both in the right atria

Question 15

what are the names of the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

Answer 15

tricuspid valve

right AV valve

Question 16

what is the name of the muscle that lines the insides of the ventricles

Answer 16

trabeculae carnae

Question 17

what are the muscles that attach to tendons, that attach to the AV valves

Answer 17

the papillary muscles attach to the chordae tendonae which attach to the AV valves

Question 18

what is the purpose of the papillary muscles and chordae tendinae

Answer 18

to prevent the AV valves from everting

Question 19

What is the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

Answer 19

pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 20

from where does the left atrium receive blood

Answer 20

the pulmonary veins (from the lungs)

Question 21

what are the names of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

Answer 21

the left AV valve
bicuspid valve
mitral valve

Question 22

What is the valve between the left ventricle and aorta

Answer 22

aortic semilunar valve

Question 23

what is the most muscular chamber of the heart

Answer 23

left ventricle

Question 24

what tissue makes up the heart valves

Answer 24

dense connective tissue

Question 25

what are the functions of the heart valves

Answer 25

allow blood to flow in one direction, but to prevent it from flowing back

Question 26

what makes the "lub" sound

Answer 26

AV valves closing

Question 27

what makes the "dub" sound

Answer 27

semilunar valves closing

Question 28

where is the right AV valve in relation to the ribcage

Answer 28

inferior portion of the sternum

Question 29

where is the left AV valve in reation to the ribcage

Answer 29

left fifth intercostal space

Question 30

where is the pulmonary semilunar valve in relation to the ribcage

Answer 30

second left intercostal space

Question 31

where is the aortic semilunar valve in realtion to the ribcage

Answer 31

second right intercostal space

Question 32

What is the fibrous skeleton

Answer 32

the connective tissue between the atria and the ventricles that anchors the heart valves, is the framework for muscle attachement, and separates the ventricles from the atria

Question 33

What are the main coronary arteries

Answer 33

``` left coronary artery - circumflex artery - anterior interventricular artery Right coronary artery - posterior interventricular artery - right marginal artery ```

Question 34

What are the main coronary veins

Answer 34

small cardiac vein middle cardiac vein great cardiac vein coronary sinus

Question 35

What is a myocardial infarction

Answer 35

a heart attack, caused by blockage of a coronary artery. causes chest pain and heart muscle death due to lack of oxygen

Question 36

what is the most common location of blockage leading to myocardial infarction

Answer 36

left anterior interventricular artery