- Left atrium - Right atrium - Left ventricle - Right ventricle

Heart and Vascular Flashcards by Grace Anne Guevara

A muscular organ, essential for life, pumps blood, part of cardiovascular system

Heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The heart of an adult, at rests, pumps approximately_ liters of blood per minute

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The heart continues to pump for more than

75 years

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Heart has two systems

Cardiovascular system
Circulatory system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Carotid, Brachial artery, Aorta, Pulmonary trunk, femoral artery and vein, heart

Cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pulmonary circulation (to lungs), Systemic circulation (to body)

Circulatory system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Functions of heart:
(4)

generates blood pressure
routes blood
ensures one-way blood flow
regulates blood supply

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Heart Characteristics:

-Size of a fist
- Less than 1lb
-Located between lungs in thoracic cavity
- Orientation is at the apex (bottom) towards left side

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pericardia:
- Double-layered sac that anchors, protects heart

Pericardium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pericardia:
Membrane around cavity of the heart

Parietal pericardium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pericardia:
Space around the heart

Pericardial cavity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Extends around the heart, separates atria from the ventricles

Coronary sulcus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Division between left ventricles, extend inferiorly from the coronary sulcus

Two grooves/Sulci

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Extends inferiorly from the coronary sulcus on the anterior surface of the heart

Anterior interventricular sulcus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Extends inferiorly from the coronary sulcus on the posterior surface of the heart

Posterior interventricular sulcus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Carry blood from the body to the right atrium

Superior/ inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium

4 pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Often called “the great vessels/great arteries”, carry blood away from the ventricles of the heart

2 arteries
(arteries = away)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arising from the right ventricle, splits into the right and left pulmonary arteries, carry blood to the lungs

Pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arising from the left ventricle, carries blood to the rest of the body

Aorta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Heart chambers:
(4)

Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Separates atria from ventricles

Coronary sulcus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Superior chambers, received blood from veins, small/thin, contract minimally, push blood to ventricles

Atria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Separates right and left atria

Interatrial septum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inferior chambers, pump blood out of heart to arteries, thick/strong, contract forcefully to propel blood out of heart

Ventricles

Separates left and right ventricles

Interventricular septum

Valves between the atria and ventricles

Atrioventricular valves

AV valve between the RA and RV, 3 cusps

Tricuspid valve

AV valve between the LA and LV, 2 cusps

Bicuspid valve/mitral valve

Each ventricle contains a “coneshaped”, muscular pillars called

Papillary muscles

Papillary muscles are attached by a connective tissue strings, to the free margins of the cusps of AV valves

Chordae tendineae

When ventricles contract, it also contract and prevent the valves from opening into the atria by pulling the chordae tendineae (attached to the valve cusps)

Papillary muscles

Have 3 half-moon shaped cusps, also are valves between the ventricles and arteries

Semilunar heart valves

Between RV and pulmonary trunk

Pulmonary valve

Between LV and aorta

Aortic valve

A plate of connective tissue/ fibrous skeleton, consists of fibrous rings, surrounds Atrioventricular and semilunar valves

Cardiac skeleton

Also serves electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles, for attachment site of cardiac muscle

Cardiac skeleton

One centrally located nucleus, branching cells, rich in mitochondria, striated (w/actin and myosin), intercalated disks connect cells, Ca2+ and ATP for contractions

Cardiac muscle

Action potential path through Heart

- SA node - AV node - Right and left branches - Purkinje fibers

Heart sounds are produced due to the

Closure of heart valves

Is used to hear heart sounds

Stethoscope

‘lubb’ sound

1st heart sound

‘dupp’ sound

2nd heart sound

Due to the closure of the AV valves

1st heart sound

Due to the closure of semilunar valves

2nd heart sound

Heart valve locations:

- Pulmonary semilunar valve - Aortic semilunar valve - Bicuspid valve - Tricuspid valve

Decreases blood supply to the heart, coronary arteries are narrowed

Coronary artery disease

Due to closure of one of more coronary arteries, areas of cardiac muscle lacking blood supply, and scars

Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Procedure open blocked blood vessels

Angioplasty

Structures inserted to keep vessels open

Stent

Procedure reroutes blood away from blocked arteries

Bypass

Transport blood from the right ventricle through the lungs and back to left atrium

Pulmonary vessels

Transport blood from the left ventricle through all parts of the body

Systemic vessels

Carry blood away from the heart, more elastic tissue

Arteries

Carry blood toward the heart, less elastic tissue

Veins

Exchange occurs between blood and tissue fluids

Capillaries

Blood flow:

- arteries to arterioles - arterioles into capillaries - Capillaries into venules - Venules into small veins - Veins return to heart

(blood vessel wall) innermost, simple squamous epithelium

Tunica intima

blood vessel wall) middle layer, smooth muscle w/elastin and collagen fibers

Tunica media

(blood vessel wall) outermost layer, has connective tissue

Tunica adventitia

(artery) largest, thickest Ex: aorta/pulmonary trunk

Elastic arteries

(artery) medium to small, thick, w/smooth muscle cells, can control blood flow

Muscular arteries

Blood flows from arterioles into

Capillaries

Capillaries branch to form

Networks

Blood flow is regulated by

- Smooth muscle cells - Precapillary sphincters

blood flows from capillaries into

Venules

Blood flows from venules into

Small veins

Collect blood from small veins, deliver to large veins

Medium sized-veins

Contain valves

Large veins

Arteries of the upper limbs: - Continuation of subclavian in the axilla (armpits)

Axillary arteries

Arteries of the upper limbs: Continuation of axillary artery that extends into the arm, where blood pressure are taken

Brachial arteries

Arteries of the upper limbs: Branch of brachial artery near elbow

Ulnar arteries

Arteries of the upper limbs: Branch of brachial artery, pulse is taken here

Radial arteries

Abdominal aorta branches: - Supply blood to kidneys

Renal arteries

Abdominal aorta branches: Supply blood to liver

Hepatic arteries

Abdominal aorta branches: Supply blood to testes

Testicular arteries

Abdominal aorta branches: Supply blood to ovaries

Ovarian arteries

Arteries of the lower limbs: - Supply blood to thigh

Femoral arteries

Arteries of the lower limbs: Supply blood to knee

Popliteal arteries

Arteries of the lower limbs: Supply blood to lateral leg and foot

Fibular arteries

Return blood to heart

Veins

The blood returning to the heart is deoxygenated

Systemic circulation

The blood returning to the heart in pulmonary veins is oxygenated

Pulmonary circulation

(vein) returns blood from head, neck, thorax, empties into right atrium of heart

Superior vena cava

(vein) returns blood from abdomen, pelvis, limbs, empties into right atrium of heart

Inferior vena cava

Drain blood from head and neck

External jugular vein

Drain blood from brain, empties into subclavian veins

Internal jugular vein

Forms brachiocephalic veins

Subclavian veins

Join to form superior vena cava

Brachiocephalic veins

Veins of the upper limb: - Empties into axillary vein

Brachial vein

Veins of the upper limb: Empty into axillary vein and basilic vein

Cephalic vein

Veins of the upper limb: Connects to cephalic vein, near elbow

Media cubital veins

Veins of the lower limbs: - Drains blood from thigh, empty into external iliac vein

Femoral veins

Veins of the lower limbs: Drain from foot and empty into femoral vein

Great saphenous veins

Veins of the lower limbs: Drain blood from knee and empty into femoral vein

Popliteal vein

The measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel walls

Blood pressure

Contraction of heart

Systolic pressure

Relaxation of heart

Diastolic pressure

Average blood pressure:

120/80

The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures, felt near large arteries

- Pulse pressure (Ex: 120 (systolic)/ 80 (diastolic), pulse pressure is 40 mm Hg)

Effects of aging on blood vessels: - Makes arteries less elastic

Arteriosclerosis

Effects of aging on blood vessels: Type of arteriosclerosis, from deposit of materials in artery walls

Atherosclerosis

Heart and Vascular Flashcards

(102 cards)