Muscular

Question 1

Types of Muscle:

Answer 1

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 2

Attached to bones, striated, voluntarily controlled

Answer 2

Skeletal

Question 3

Located in the heart, striated, involuntarily controlled

Answer 3

Cardiac

Question 4

Located in blood vessels, hollow organs, Non-striated, Involuntary controlled

Answer 4

Smooth

Question 5

Functions of Muscular system:
(6)

Answer 5

• Movement
• Maintain posture
• Respiration
• Production of body heat
• Constriction of organs and vessels
• Contraction of heart

Question 6

Contract slowly, fatigue slowly, use aerobic respiration, dark color, used by long distance runners,have considerable amount of myoglobin

Answer 6

Slow twitch fibers

Question 7

Contract quickly, fatigue quickly, use anaerobic respiration,energy from glycogen, light color, used by sprinters

Answer 7

Fast twitch fibers

Question 8

Fatigue is a temporary state, without fatigue, muscle fibers would worked to the point of structural damage

Answer 8

Muscle fatigue

Question 9

Mechanisms of fatigue:
(3)

Answer 9

• Acidosis and ATP depletion (due to increased ATP consumption/decreased ATP production)
• Oxidative stress (excess reactive oxygen species)
• Local inflammatory response

Question 10

Cause by vigorous exercise, people experience muscle pain (effects of inflammatory chemicals on the muscle fibers)

Answer 10

Muscle soreness

Question 11

Cells that are non-striated, small, spindle-shaped muscle cells, one nucleus

Answer 11

Smooth muscle cells

Question 12

The smooth muscle cells comprises of organs controlled involuntary except the

Answer 12

Heart

Question 13

Other factors that can stimulate the smooth muscle

Answer 13

Neurotrasmitter substances, Hormones

Question 14

Cells that are long, striated, and branching, one nucleus

Answer 14

Cardiac muscle cells

Question 15

Cardiac muscle is striated because of

Answer 15

Sarcomere arrangement

Question 16

Cardiac muscle contraction is

Answer 16

Autorhythmic

Question 17

Cardiac muscle cells are connected to one another, includes desmosomes and gap junctions called

Answer 17

Intercalated disks

Question 18

Cardiac muscle cells function as a

Answer 18

single unit

Question 19

One cardiac muscle cell can stimulate action potentials in

Answer 19

adjacent cells

Question 20

Skeletal muscle anatomy:
- Connects skeletal muscle to bone

Answer 20

tendon

Question 21

Skeletal muscle anatomy:
Broad, sheet-like tendons

Answer 21

Aponeuroses

Question 22

Skeletal muscle anatomy:
Band of connective tissue, holds down the tendon at wrist and ankle

Answer 22

retinaculum

Question 23

Skeletal muscle anatomy:
Attachment of skeletal muscle

Answer 23

origin at least mobile location

Question 24

Skeletal muscle anatomy:
End of the muscle attached to the bone w/greatest movement

Answer 24

insertion

Question 25

Skeletal muscle anatomy: Part of the muscle between the origin and insertion

Answer 25

belly

Question 26

Skeletal muscle anatomy: A group of muscles working together

Answer 26

agonists

Question 27

Skeletal muscle anatomy: A group of muscles that oppose muscle actions

Answer 27

antagonists

Question 28

Muscle are named according to: - __ (Ex: Pectoralis muscle located in the chest) - __ (large, small, long, short) - __ (triangular, quadrate, round) - __ of fascicles (could run straight, Ex: rectus, or at an angle, Ex: oblique) - Origin and insertion - __ of heads (biceps has 2 heads/origins, triceps has 3 heads/origins) - __ (abduction and adduction)

Answer 28

Location Size Shape Orientation Number Function

Question 29

Muscles of Mastication: (3)

Answer 29

- Temporalis (temporal) - Masseter (cheeks) - Pterygoids (two pairs)

Question 30

Thoracic Muscles: (3) -Elevate ribs for inspiration

Answer 30

External intercostals

Question 31

Thoracic Muscles: (3) Depress ribs during forced expiration

Answer 31

Internal intercostals

Question 32

Thoracic Muscles: (3) Moves during quiet breathing

Answer 32

Diaphragm

Question 33

Abdominal wall muscles: - Center of abdomen, compress

Answer 33

Rectus abdominis

Question 34

Abdominal wall muscles: Sides of abdomen, compress abdomen

Answer 34

External abdominal oblique

Question 35

Abdominal wall muscles Compress abdomen:

Answer 35

- Internal abdominal oblique - Transverse abdominis

Question 36

Pelvic Diaphragm muscles: (5)

Answer 36

- Levator ani -Ischiocavaenous - Bulbospongiosus - Deep transverse perineal - Superficial transverse perineal

Question 37

Upper Scapular and Limb muscles: - Shoulders and back, extends neck and head

Answer 37

Trapezius

Question 38

Upper Scapular and Limb muscles: Chest, elevates ribs

Answer 38

Pectoralis major

Question 39

Upper Scapular and Limb muscles: Between ribs, elevates ribs

Answer 39

Serratus anterior

Question 40

Upper Scapular and Limb muscles: Shoulder, abductor/upper limbs

Answer 40

Deltoid

Question 41

Upper limb muscles: - 3 heads/origins, extends elbow

Answer 41

Triceps brachii

Question 42

Upper limb muscles: "flexing muscle”, flexes elbow

Answer 42

Biceps brachii

Question 43

Upper limb muscles: Flexes elbow

Answer 43

Brachialis

Question 44

Upper limb muscles: Lower back, extends shoulder

Answer 44

Latissimus dorsi

Question 45

Forearm muscles: (8)

Answer 45

Flexor longus Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis Pronator Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Question 46

Muscles of hips and thighs: - Flexes hip

Answer 46

Iliopsoas

Question 47

Muscles of hips and thighs: Buttocks (pwet), extends hip and abducts thigh

Answer 47

Gluteus maximus

Question 48

Muscles of hips and thighs: Hip, abducts and rotates thigh

Answer 48

Gluteus medius

Question 49

Muscles of the upper leg: - 4 thigh muscles

Answer 49

quadriceps femoris

Question 50

Muscles of the upper leg: Front of thigh, extends knee, flexes hip

Answer 50

Rectus femoris

Question 51

Muscles of the upper leg: Extends knee

Answer 51

- Vastus lateralis - Vastus medialis - Vastus intermedius

Question 52

Muscles of the upper leg: Adducts thigh, flexes knee

Answer 52

Gracilis

Question 53

Muscles of the upper leg: Hamstring, back of thigh, flexes knee, rotates leg, extends hip

Answer 53

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendimosus

Question 54

Muscles of the lower leg: - Front of lower leg, inverts foot

Answer 54

Tibialis anterior

Question 55

Muscles of the lower leg: Calf, flexes foot and leg

Answer 55

Gastrocnemius

Question 56

Muscles of the lower leg: Attaches to ankle, flexes foot

Answer 56

Soleus