HEENT

Question 1

RESPECT MODEL

Answer 1

Rapport
Empathy
Support
Partnership
Explanations
Cultural competence
Trust

Question 2

seven bones of head

Answer 2

2 frontal
2 Parietal
2 Temporal
1 Occipital

Question 3

Head inspection elements

Answer 3

Tilt/tremor?
Size
Shape
Symmetry
Lesions
Trauma
Facial features
Symmetry
Shape
Unusual features
Tics
Pallor or pigmentation variations

Question 4

Head palpation elements

Answer 4

Symmetry
Tenderness
Hair texture, color, distribution
Movement of scalp
Sutures

Question 5

Head when appropriate

Answer 5

When appropriate auscultate temporal arteries
Thickening
Hardness
Tenderness

Question 6

HeadInfant

Answer 6

Measure head circumference
Compare with expected size for age and previous points on growth chart
Inspect scalp for scaling, crusting, birthmarks, dilated scalp veins, excessive hair or unusual hairline
Palpate suture lines and fontanels
Posterior fontanel closes 2 months
Anterior fontanel closes at 12-15 months
Infant head circumference is 2 cm > than chest circumference up to age 2 years

Question 7

Palpate suture lines and fontanels

Answer 7

Posterior fontanel closes 2 months

Anterior fontanel closes at 12-15 months

Question 8

Infant head circumference is

Answer 8

2 cm > than chest circumference up to age 2 years

Question 9

Neck contains

Answer 9

Trachea
Esophagus
Internal and external jugular veins
Common carotid, internal and external arteries
Thyroid gland
Spinal cord

Question 10

NeckPhysical Exam - Inspection

Answer 10

Inspection
Masses
Webbing
Excess skin folds
SOB
Distension of jugular veins or carotid arteries

Question 11

Neck Physical Exam Palpation

Answer 11

Trachea
Hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Size
Shape
Tenderness
Masses/nodules

Question 12

Thyroid GlandPhysical Exam

Answer 12

Inspect
Palpate
Anterior approach
Posterior approach
Displace to one side
Have patient swallow
Size, shape, symmetry and contour
Approximately 4 mm at the broadest dimension
Right lobe is 25% larger than the left
Thyroid gland should move with swallowing.

Question 13

Physical Characteristics of thyroid

Answer 13

Approximately 4 mm at the broadest dimension
Right lobe is 25% larger than the left
Thyroid gland should move with swallowing.

Question 14

Thyroid should

Answer 14

move when the patient swallows

Question 15

Older Adults - Neck

Answer 15

Decreased T4 production

Thyroid gland becomes more fibrotic

Question 16

Pregnant - Neck

Answer 16

Maybe slightly enlarged as the mother provides thyroid hormone for fetus during first trimester

Question 17

Eyelid

Answer 17

Distributes tears
Limits amount of light
Protects the eye

Question 18

Conjunctiva

Answer 18

Clear, thin mucous membrane

Question 19

Lacrimal gland

Answer 19

Produces tears

Question 20

Eye muscles

Answer 20

6 muscles

Question 21

Eye details

Answer 21

Transmits visual stimuli to the brain for interpretation
4 Rectus muscles
2 oblique muscles
3 layers
Outer layer
Sclera posteriorly
Cornea anteriorly
Middle layer/Uvea
Choroid posteriorly
Ciliary body/iris anteriorly
Inner Layer
Retina

Question 22

Retina is the

Answer 22

Sensory nerve of the eye

Question 23

Conjectiva should be

Answer 23

clear

Question 24

red light reflex

Answer 24

look at something behind you. Bring the red light into each eye. If you don’t find the reflex could be due to opacity or catarax. You are testing retna

Question 25

optic disc should be

Answer 25

1.5 mm

Question 26

Internal EyePediatric

Answer 26

Newborn Eyes develop during the first 8 weeks of gestation Term infants are hyperopic Check red light reflex Wait until age 2-6 month for fundoscopic exam

Question 27

Eyes older Adults

Answer 27

``` Presbyopia Cataracts Excessive tearing Dry eyes Tear production decreases Nocturnal eye pain Glaucoma Difficulty with perception ```

Question 28

Eyes - Pregnancy

Answer 28

``` Occular complications due to Pregnancy induced HTN Diplopia Scotomata Blurred vision Amaurosis fugax Gestastional diabetes ``` Topical eye medications may cross the placental barrier

Question 29

inflammation of the conjuctivea

Answer 29

pink eye

Question 30

Conjunctivitis

Answer 30

``` Pink eye Inflammation Viral Most often viral 70% Adenovirus ```

Question 31

Conjunctivitis - Bacteria

Answer 31

Bacterial Most common is Peds Allergic

Question 32

exothalamus

Answer 32

bulging eyes

Question 33

Xanthelasma

Answer 33

small odd shaped yellow colored plaques. Lipid depoists. eye lids

Question 34

Pytergium

Answer 34

Abnormal growth of teh conjectiva. More commonly seen on the nasal side of the eye. Exposed to UV light. If growh goews over teh pupil it can effect vision. Wear sunglasses

Question 35

Ptosis

Answer 35

dropping of upper eye lid. CN3

Question 36

Strabismus

Answer 36

eyes do not focus silmultaniously. Lazy eye

Question 37

Cataract

Answer 37

opacity on the lense

Question 38

Cotton-wool spot

Answer 38

Fluffly whte spots on the retna. HTN and DIA

Question 39

Auricle

Answer 39

visible part of the ear

Question 40

Helix

Answer 40

prominent outer rim

Question 41

Concha

Answer 41

Deep cavity, contains canal meatus

Question 42

Tragus

Answer 42

Protuberance lying anterior to auditory canal

Question 43

Lobule

Answer 43

Soft lobe on the bottom

Question 44

ceruman inhibits

Answer 44

the growth of organisms

Question 45

Middle Ear

Answer 45

``` Air filled cavity Three ossicles Malleus Incus Stapes Tympanic membrane ``` bones transmit sound from tympanic membrane to inner ear

Question 46

typanic membrane seperates

Answer 46

external ear from the middle ear

Question 47

Cochlea transmit sounds to the

Answer 47

8th cranial nerve

Question 48

Semicircular cannel/vestibule has

Answer 48

equilibrium receptors that are involved in balance