Helping others Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are prosocial behaviours?
Acts that are positively valued by society
What are helping behaviours?
A subcategory of prosocial behaviour that is intentional and aimed at helping others.
What is kin selection?
Helping genetic relatives which increases the likelihood that common genes will survive.
What is reciprocal altruism?
Helping another despite some immediate risk or cost, with the expectation of receiving help in return.
What is altruism?
A subcategory of prosocial behaviour that occurs without the expectation of personal gain.
What factors did Bernstein identify that influence helping behaviour?
- Degree of relatedness
- Health of the target
- Situation (everyday life vs life and death)
What did Gray and Brogdon (2017) find regarding biological grandparents?
- Bio GM provided more direct care, financial support, and emotional closeness than Step GM
- Bio GF provided less direct care and had less emotionally close relationships than Step GF
What role does empathy play in helping behaviour?
Understanding or vicariously experiencing another’s perspective and feeling compassion for that person.
True or False: Higher empathy is associated with fewer helping behaviours.
False.
What is the negative state relief model?
The idea that helping makes us feel good, leading to questions about whether this is altruism or egoism.
According to Batson (1991), what determines whether people help?
How they respond emotionally to the victim’s plight, with empathy being critical.
What is the bystander effect?
The phenomenon where the greater the number of people in a group, the less likely it is that someone will help.
What did Latane and Darley discover about helping behaviour in a smoke-filled room?
- 75% helped if alone
- 38% helped if with strangers
- 10% helped if with passive confederates
What are the contributing factors to the bystander effect?
- Diffusion of responsibility
- Audience inhibition
- Social influence
How does mood affect helping behaviour?
A good mood increases sensitivity to the needs of others, while a bad mood can decrease helping.
What is personal relative deprivation (PRD)?
Resentment stemming from the belief that one is deprived of desired and deserved outcomes compared to some referent.
What individual differences can influence helping behaviour?
- Forgiveness
- Attachment styles
- Size of the community
- Competence
- Leadership
Who is more likely to help?
Individuals who are forgiving, securely attached, live in smaller towns, possess skills to help, and have leadership qualities.
Fill in the blank: The degree to which individuals feel they deserve help is influenced by _______.
[perceived deservingness].
