Conformity, compliance and obedience

Question 1

what are conformity, compliance and obedience classed as

Answer 1

3 forms of social influence that vary in degree of pressure exerted on individual

• less pressure in conformity and most in obedience

Question 2

what is conformity

Answer 2

The tendency to change our perceptions, opinions or behaviour in ways that are consistent with group norms

Question 3

what is majority v minority influence

Answer 3

2 types of influence

majority; majority change minority

minority; minority change majority

Question 4

What was the Asch study? 1951

Answer 4

line conformity study; found that even with an obvious answers S would agree w group even if the group was wrong

Question 5

explain the conditions in the study

Answer 5

control; 7pp in group of 7 gave answers individually and aloud across 18 trials

unanimous condition; 1 pp and 6 confederates. 6 confederates gave correct answers during 6 trials and same incorrect answer during 12

Question 6

what did Asch find

Answer 6

control condition; no-one made any mistakes across 18 trials

experimental condition; 35% were wrong answers due to conforming to majority

Question 7

what is informational influence and what does it lead to

Answer 7

change of beliefs that occur when a person privately accepts the position of others, leads ti private conformity

e.g they are correct

Question 8

what is normative influence and what does it lead to

Answer 8

superficial change in overt behaviour, with no corresponding change of opinion, produced by real or imagined group pressure; lead to public conformity

e.g they are wrong but I don’t want to disagree with them

Question 9

why do people conform

Answer 9

informational influence; desire to be right

normative; fear consequence of rejection that follows deviance e.g desire of acceptance

Question 10

what was asch study an example of

Answer 10

normative infleunce

• no-one got it wrong when did task individually. they conformed with everyone else even if they knew it was wrong

Question 11

what of the two influences is more powerful

Answer 11

informational (private)

• opinions likely to remain same when others are absent

Question 12

in aschs study what was the support condition

Answer 12

6 confederates gave correct answers during 6 trials. during remaining 12 trials, 5 confederates gave the same incorrect answer 1 but the 6th confederate gave the correct answer 2. when one gies right answer, pp gave right answer (only 2% gave wrong)

Question 13

what about the deviate condition

Answer 13

during the 12 trials, 5 conned gave incorrect answer 1 and 6th gave incorrect answer 3. only 10% of pp gave the wrong answer. less pressure due to support

Question 14

incorrect majority can infleuence minority as long as what

Answer 14

majority are unanimous in opinion. ALL say the same

Question 15

what were the implications of Asch

Answer 15

voting pattern on US supreme court

• 35% of decisions are 9 v 0 . 8 v 1 only 10%. unlikely to be used

Question 16

what did moscivici say about minority influence

Answer 16

minority influence is effective as long as there is consistency over time.

between diff people and within a person

Question 17

what was moscivici study 1976

Answer 17

pp saw 36 slides, all blue

control; 6 pp gave answers individually

consistent minority; 2 confer and 4 pp. confer say green 36 times

inconsistent minority; 2 conned say green 24 times and blue 12 times

Question 18

what did they find

Answer 18

control; no wrong answer

inconsistent; 1% incorrect answer given

consistent; 8% gave wrong asnwers

consistency causes it

Question 19

Nemeth 1982 studied minority influence

Answer 19

pp saw 36 blue slides all diff intensity

control; all said correct

pattern minority; 2 confed and 4 pp. confed said green blue 18 times to darker and green 18 times to lighter

no pattern minority, said 18 and 18 randomly

Question 20

what were the findings

Answer 20

control and no pattern had no effect. pattern caused 21% to say wrong answers.

patterns influence answers

Question 21

what factors influence minority influence

Answer 21

• personal benifit; influenced when benefit of giving wrong answer
• uncertainty; more uncertainty of right answer causes more conformity to majority
• likeability; the more they like the minority, the more likely to be influenced
• snowball effect; one will start getting along with minority. cause other to follow

Question 22

Snowball effect

Answer 22

one small event can make proceeding events seem more damaging than they actually are

e.g suffragettes

Question 23

conformity and culture- explain

Answer 23

individualistic; autonomy and interdependence are valued eg us and uk

collectivist; harmony and fitting in are valued e.g china and Colombia

Question 24

where are conformity rates higher

Answer 24

collectivist cultures

pakistan, peru etc

Question 25

what is compliance

Answer 25

changes in behaviour that are elicited by direct request

Question 26

what is disrupting mindlessness

Answer 26

making an unusual request that triggers a persons interest e.g saying the 3 pounds is 300 pennies. sounds better

Question 27

what is the norm of reciprocity

Answer 27

treating others as they have treated us

Question 28

what is Regans study

Answer 28

confederate took a call in front of pp in either pleasant or rude way. he then left and bought back two cokes (for himself and pp) or nothing. he then asked pp to buy raffle tickets. - more tickets bought when given a coke.

Question 29

what is the foot in the door theory - cialdini 2009

Answer 29

make people comply with a small initial request. they are more likely to comply with a second, bigger request e.g freedman and fraser study; control; can I asked to come to ur house and check household products. 22% compliance. experimental; can I ask questions about products. then 3 days later ask to go over 53% compliance

Question 30

what is lowballing

Answer 30

obtaining an agreement and then raising request e.g control; do u want to take part in my study at 7am 31% agree. experimental; do u want to take part? after agreeing tell them the time 56% agree

Question 31

what is the door in the face

Answer 31

making a large initial request that will be rejected followed by a reasonable request . work through reciprocal concession (both parities compromise) e.g control; can u go on zoo trip with kids 17% agree exp; do u want to work with juveniles. then do u want to go zoo 50% agree

Question 32

what is the that's not all technique

Answer 32

start with an inflated request then decrease the size offering a discount e.g customers approached with cupcakes to buy. control; 75 cents 44% purchased. exp; price reduced from 1 to 75cents 73% purchased

Question 33

what is obedience

Answer 33

behaviour change produced by commands of authority

Question 34

explain Milgrams study of obedience 1965

Answer 34

study the effects of shocks on memory. in ap air the pp was always teacher and confed always learner. learner put on electric chair where the teacher experienced 45v of shock . the teacher could hear the learner and the task increased the shock 15v every time they gave incorrect response. they encouraged the pp with you must continue, essential to continue etc.

Question 35

what did Milgram find

Answer 35

the learner began to grunt at 75v and screaming by 300 v. people believed people would go to 300 volts. all went to 120v. 80% to 280v. 62% went to 450v

Question 36

situation factors influence obedience 1. proximity of victim

Answer 36

when they could see the victim, 40% gave 450v whereas when only hearing 62% did

Question 37

authority of experimenter

Answer 37

when the experimenter was in the room, 62% went to 420 v. when on the phone, only 20% went to 450v same as with no experimenter

Question 38

peer pressure

Answer 38

teacher had helped (confed) who refused to continue. when there was no helper, 62% went to 450v. a disobeying helper only 10% and an obeying helper, 90%.

Question 39

what is fundamental attribution error

Answer 39

under estimation of situational factors on behaviour

Question 40

burger repeated milgram experiment

Answer 40

max voltage was only 150v due to ethics. 82% went to 150 on milligrams. only 70% on burger

Question 41

when dolinski repeated to 450 v what did he find

Answer 41

milgram -82% and dolinski- 90%

Question 42

what is Latane social impact theory

Answer 42

strength of source; authoritative source has more impact immediacy; closer the source is to target, the stronger the impact number; as number of sources increases, the impact increases to a point

Question 43

why do people resist social pressure

Answer 43

if target us strong and far from source if target accompanied by others