HEMA LEC MOD 2 Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
Erythrocytes have ___, homogenous _____ with a ____ paler than the periphery
A
circular, biconcave disk, central pallor
2
Q
Central pallor occupies approximately __ (__ - __micrometers)
A
1/3, 2-3 micrometers
3
Q
RBC size:
__ - __ micrometer in diameter
__ - __ micrometer in thickness
__ - __ femtoliter in volume
A
7 - 8 micrometers
1.5 - 2.5 micrometers
80 - 100 femtoliters
4
Q
Cell that is <80 femtoliters
A
microcyte
5
Q
Cell that is >100 femtoliters
A
macrocyte
6
Q
Cell that is within 80 - 100 femtoliters
A
normocyte / normocytic
7
Q
Example of hyperchromic RBC
A
Spherocytes
8
Q
Staining characteristics:
____ in wet, unstained preparation
A
Greenish
9
Q
Staining Characteristics:
___ in Wright’s Stain
A
Salmon Pink
10
Q
Young RBCs are flexible and highly deformable?
True or False
A
True
11
Q
What do you call old RBCs?
A
Senescent
12
Q
Sequestration of RBCs happens in ___
A
Spleen
13
Q
How many days will it take to produce mature RBC from BFU-E?
A
21 days
14
Q
BFU-E to CFU-E : __ week/s
A
1 week
15
Q
CFU-E to Pronormoblast : __ week/s
A
1 week
16
Q
How many cell divisions happen before maturing to Pronormoblast?
A
3 - 5 cell divisions
17
Q
__ - __ days proliferation & maturation of precursors
A
6 - 7 days
18
Q
__ - __ days reticulocyte maturation
A
2 - 3 days
19
Q
Reticulocytes:
__ - __ days in BM
A
1 - 2 days
20
Q
Reticulocytes:
__ day/s in the circulation
A
1
21
Q
What organ removes remnants and polish the RBC to become concave?
A
Spleen
22
Q
__ - __ RBCs produced from a single pronormoblast?
A
8 - 32 RBCs
23
Q
Life span of mature RBCs
A
80 - 120 days
24
Q
1 normoblast is equal to __ - __ RBCSs
A
8 - 32 RBCs
25
1 normoblast is equal to __ - __ reticulocytes
16
26
____ and ____ have the highest RNA content
pronormoblast and basophilic normoblast
27
Stage where there is a decline in RNA content as Hb increases
a. Polychromatophilic normoblasts
b. Pronormoblast
c. basophilic normoblast
d. Reticulocyte
a. Polychromatic normoblast
28
__ or __ mitotic divisions in 3 days
3 or 4
29
Reticulocytes remain in stroma for __ - __ days
1 - 2 days
30
synthesize Hb in __ - __ days in the marrow and __ day/s in the peripheral blood
1 -2 days, 1 day
31
Name 2 supravital stains
New Methylene Blue
Brilliant Cresyl Blue
32
Reticulocyte is described as ___ ___ when viewed in microscope?
Lumpy potato
33
Type of Erythropoiesis where red cells produced in the BM reaches the circulation and reaches its maturity
Effective Erythropoiesis
34
Type of Erythropoiesis where red cell that are produced in BM does not reach the circulation and its lifespan
Ineffective erythropoiesis
35
____ ____ is the abnormal maturation of erythroid precursors forming megaloblasts
megoblastic maturation
36
Karyorrhexis and Howell-Jolly bodies are characteristic of ___ maturatuon
Megaloblastic Maturation
37
Has the impaired ability of cell to synthesize DNA and has enlarged cells with nuclear maturation lagging behind cytoplasmic maturation
Megaloblastic Maturation
38
Normoblastic Nomenclature System is commonly used in ____
United States
39
Erythroblastic Nomenclature System is commonly used in ____
Europe
40
Rubriblastic Nomenclature is used because it follows the ___
granulocyte development
41
Last stage of RBC with nucleus is ___
orthochromatic eryhtroblast
42
Last stage of RBC with nucleus is ___
orthochromatic erythroblast
43
It is in this stage where there is a decrease in RNA as increase in hemoglobin
Polychromatic erythroblast
44
Stage where fragments is visible
Reticulocyte
45
Stage where nucleoli disappear
Reticulocyte
46
How many day/s does reticulocyte stay in blood circulation?
1 day
47
RNA synthesis is stopped at what stage?
Reticulocyte
48
Last stage capable of mitosis is ___ ___
polychromatic erythroblast
49
___ is the stage where hemoglobin synthesis is completed
Reticulocyte
50
Hemoglobin synthesis starts at __ ___
Basophilic Erythroblast
51
As cell matures, total protein ___
decreases
52
Perinuclear halo is visible in what stage?
Basophilic erythroblast
53
Dispersed chromatin is found on what stage?
Pronormoblast
54
Stage that has intense dark blue cytoplasm and fine chromatin. It is also the earliest RBC precursor and has a size of 12 - 20 micrometers
Proerythroblast
55
Stage that has murky gray-blue cytoplasm and nucleus is eccentrically located
polychromatic erythroblast
56
Stage that is ready to be extruded out of the cell. Cytoplasm is more on pink than blue. Pyrenocyte
Orthochromatic erythroblast
57
A structure of RBC that holds cell in place
Vimentin
58
It is the totality of all stages in erythrocytes, including the precursor cells in the bone marrow and mature cells in the peripheral blood within vascular areas of specific organs
Erythron
59
Iron is needed for the synthesis of __
Hemoglobin
60
Folate and vitamin b12 are needed for the synthesis of ___
DNA
61
Rate of production = rate of destruction
Erythrokinetics
62
__% of total RBC is being destroyed and produced daily
1%
63
Erythropoietin is produced by ___ cells in the kidney
periglomerular
64
Erythropoietin is produced in kidney for about __% and in the liver __%
90%, 10%
65
__ hormone maintains RBC production to replace approximately 1% RBC destruction daily
glycoprotein
66
3 functions of erythropoietin
1. early release of reticulocytes from the BM
2. prevent apoptotic cell death
3. reduce marrow transit time
67
___ is the gap within endothelial cells in BM
fenestrations
68
2 mechanisms of early release of reticulocytes
1. Increase the width of marrow/sinus barrier spaces for RBC egress into the sinus
2. OPO downregulates the expression of receptors for adhesive molecules located on BM stroma
69
___ is due to the increase of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood
Polychromasia
70
nucleated RBCs is due to what condition?
extreme anemia
71
EPO can be measured by ____ with a reference interval of __ to __ milliunits/liter
chemiluminescence, 8 - 32 Um/L
72
Shift reticulocytes are also known as
stress reticulocytes
73
There is an ___ in EPO in secondary polycythemia and aplastic anemia
increased
74
There is a ___ in EPO after transfusion and primary polycythemia
decreased
75
EPO in blood doping can increase ___, ____, ____
O2 carrying capacity
RBC count
Blood viscosity
76
___% of cardica output is received by the kidneys as well as liver?
20%
77
It is the primary oxygen sensing system:
a. periglomerular cells
b. peritubular fibroblast
b. peritubular fibroblast
78
It is responsible in production and release of EPO
a. periglomerular cells
b. peritubular fibroblast
a. periglomerular cells
79
EPO producing cells undergo ____?
a. transcriptional regulation
b. translational regulation
a. transcriptional regulation
80
How many milligrams of iron are absorbed daily?
1-2 mg/day
81
Erythrocyte membrane is __ micrometers thick and is ___ charged?
5 micrometers, negatively charged
82
Erythrocyte membrane has asymmetric arrangement of __% of lipids, ___% of proteins, ___% of carbohydrates
40% lipids, 52% proteins, 8% Carbohydrates
83
Cholesterol and phospholipids is responsible for the membrane ____ or (pliancy)
elasticity
84
What are the 3 Membrane lipids?
Phospholipids, Cholesterol, Glycolipids
85
Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine are in what layer?
Inner layer of phospholipids
86
Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin are in what layer of phospholipids?
outer layer
87
Both inner and outer layer of phospholipids have ____?
phosphatidylinositol
88
Senescent RBCs flips out ____ to outer layer to signal "eat me" to splenic macrophages
phosphatidylserine
89
Sialic acid causes ___ charge to the RBC
negative charge
90
Flippases, floppases, and scramblases are part of what RBC membrane?
Phospholipids
91
Cholesterol confers ___ to the lipid bilayer
tensile strength
92
This membrane has net negative charge, prevents microbial attack, protects from mechanical damage, and bear CHO-based blood group antigens
Glycolipids
93
It is the main food for RBC
glucose
94
Erythrocyte Membrane Protein is responsible for ___ for transmembrane transport nutrients
glycosylation
95
___ serves as antigens and provide peptide epitopes
a. Rh
b. RhAG
c. glycophorins
Glycophorins
96
___ is an integral protein that can attach to peripheral of cytoskeletal protein, anion exchange channel, and is the major integral protein
a. Band 1
b. Band 2
c. Band 3
c. Band 3
97
An integral protein that is responsible in glucose transportation
a. Aquaporin
b. Glut-1
c. Band 3
Glut-1
98
An integral protein that is responsible for water transport
a. Aquaportin
