Hematologic & Immunologic Diseases Flashcards
(34 cards)
Which animals are frequently diagnosed with erythrocyte disorders?
Dogs and cats
What are the most common causes of anemia ?
Usually secondary. Hemorrhage, hemolysis, blood parasites, iron deficiencies, immune mediated disease, toxins
What are the types types of anemia?
Regenerative vs non-regenerative
What is IMHA?
Immune mediated hemolytic anemia
Which animal is IMHA most common in?
Dogs 2-8 years old
4x more prevelant in females
Poodles, old English sheep dogs, Irish setters, cocker spaniels
What causes IMHA?
RBC coated with antibodies causing the immune system to destroy them
What are the clinical signs of IMHA?
Anorexia, depression, weakness, tachycardia & tachypnea, +/- icterus, pale mucus membranes, +/- splenomegaly, +/- hepatomegaly
How do you diagnose IMHA?
CBC. Leukocytosis. Absolute neutrophils w/ left shift
What is the treatment for IMHA?
Improve tissue oxygenation and manage immune response. Drugs to prevent gastric ulceration. Glucocorticoids. Heparin to prevent thromboembolism, blood transfusions
What is the prognosis for IMHA?
Guarded. Relapse common
What is IMTP?
Immune mediated thrombocytopenia. Platelets are coated with antibodies causing immune system to destroy them in the spleen, bone marrow, and liver
What animal most commonly gets immune mediated thrombocytopenia?
Females 2x more likely. Dogs 5-8 years old
What are the clinical signs of IMTP?
Petechial hemorrhages on skin and mucosal surfaces. Bloody stool or vomit, epistaxis, weakness/lethargy
How do you diagnose IMTP?
R/o other causes (lymphoma)
Bone marrow exam
Clinical signs and response to treatment
What is the treatment for IMTP?
Steroids (Prednisone), chemo, platelets rich blood transfusion
What is the prognosis for IMTP?
Guarded to poor. Relapse may occur. Splenectomy may be required
what is erlichiosis?
Erlichia canis. Disease spread by the brown dog tick
Where is erlichiosis primarily found?
Tropical & subtropical environments throughout the world
What are the clinical signs of erlichiosis?
Acute phase - depression, fever, weight loss, ocular/nasal discharge, edema of limbs
Chronic phase - bleeding tendencies, severe weight loss, abdominal tenderness, retinal hemorrhages
How do you diagnose erlichiosis?
Hematology or serology
How do you treat erlichiosis?
Tetracycline or doxycycline
What is the prognosis of erlichiosis?
Good, but reinfection may occur
What is Von Willebrand’s disease?
Most commonly inherited disorder of hemostasis
What are the breeds that most commonly have Von Willebrand’s?
Doberman pinschers, GSD, lab retrievers. Affected animals should not be bred
