Microbiology (KW)

Question 1

Why are microbes important

Answer 1

Soil microbes responsible for breaking down waste and providing nitrogen
Intestinal help by manufacturing vitamins we cannot make ourself
Marine and freshwater microbes are at bottom of food chain

Question 2

How can microbes be used for industrial application?

Answer 2

Produce compounds like acids, alcohols, vitamins, drugs

Question 3

What is the nomenclature used for microorganism?

Answer 3

Genus & species
Always use both with referring to microbe
Ex) Escherichia Coli aka E.Coli

Question 4

When can you use an abbreviation for microbe?

Answer 4

When full name already used once in writing

Question 5

What does “staphylo” mean?

Answer 5

Clustering shape of cells

Question 6

What does “coccus” mean?

Answer 6

Circle shaped

Question 7

What are some types of microbes?

Answer 7

Bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses, multicellular animal parasites

Question 8

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 8

Organisms made up of cells that lack a nucleus or membrane encased organelles

Question 9

What is a Eurkaryote?

Answer 9

Organisms made of cells that possess a membrane bound nucleus that hold genetic material

Question 10

What type of cell is bacteria?

Answer 10

Prokaryotic, unicellular

Question 11

What are the 3 common shapes of bacteria ?

Answer 11

Bacillus/rods
Coccus (round)
Spirillum (spiral)

Question 12

How do bacteria survive?

Answer 12

Metabolizing various organic chemicals derived from breakdown of materials from organisms

Question 13

How do bacteria reproduce?

Answer 13

Binary fission
Asexual

Question 14

What ways can bacteria be motile?

Answer 14

Flagella, pili, fimbriae

Question 15

What is an archaea?

Answer 15

Prokaryotic organism that has cell wall containing no peptidoglycan

Question 16

What is unique about archae regarding humans?

Answer 16

Not known to be human pathogen (does not cause disease in humans)

Question 17

What is fungi considered?

Answer 17

Eurkaryotic organism that can be unicellular or multicellular

Question 18

How do fungi reproduce?

Answer 18

Asexually or sexually

Question 19

What is an example of multicellular fungi?

Answer 19

Large. Include molds & mushrooms

Question 20

What is an example of small fungi?

Answer 20

Unicellular. Yeasts. Still much larger than bacteria

Question 21

T/F fungi are natural decomposers

Answer 21

TRUE. Do not carry out photosynthesis.

Question 22

How do fungi get nutrients?

Answer 22

Obtained by absorbing it from surroundings

Question 23

What is unique about fungus?

Answer 23

Fungal spores are different than bacterial spores, and are a major way fungi move to new places to grow

Question 24

What is protozoa considered?

Answer 24

Eukaryotic. Unicellular microorganism that is motile

Question 25

How do protozoa reproduce?

Answer 25

Asexual or sexual

Question 26

T/F most protozoa are free living

Answer 26

TRUE. Only a few are disease causing

Question 27

How do protozoa move?

Answer 27

Pseudopods, cilia, flagella

Question 28

What is algae?

Answer 28

Photosynthetic eukaryotic organism

Question 29

Are algae unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 29

Both :)

Question 31

What environment is algae found in?

Answer 31

Fresh water and salt water

Question 32

How do algae help the environment?

Answer 32

Produce oxygen and essential carbohydrates used by other organisms

Question 33

How do algae get their nutrients?

Answer 33

Photosynthesis yields oxygen and complex carbohydrates

Question 34

T/F multicellular animal parasites are considered microorganisms

Answer 34

FALSE. Not technically microorganisms, but still included because of medical importance

Question 35

What organisms are included in multicellular animal parasites?

Answer 35

Helminths - round worms, flukes, and tapeworms

Question 36

What is a virus?

Answer 36

Incredibly tiny microbes that can only be viewed by electron microscope

Question 37

What are the two classifications of viruses?

Answer 37

Capsid & enveloped

Question 38

What is a capsid virus?

Answer 38

Have DNA or RNA core that is surrounded by highly structured protein coat

Question 39

What is an enveloped virus?

Answer 39

Also have capsid, but are in cased in a lipid membrane usually taken from host cell

Question 40

T/F viruses are a living organism

Answer 40

FALSE. Cannot carry out metabolic reactions. Completely reliant on host cell to reproduce

Question 41

Who devised the system of classification for microbes, and when?

Answer 41

Carl Woese in 1978

Question 42

What is mycology?

Answer 42

Study of fungus

Question 43

What is epidemiology?

Answer 43

Study of disease spread