Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Iron def anemia etiology

A

rapid increase in body size
insuff of iron in diet
preterm

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2
Q

IDA sxs

A

pallor or spooning of nails

pica

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3
Q

IDA complications

A

neuro dysfxn with irritability, short attention span, poor scholastic performance

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4
Q

IDA Tx

A

ferrous sulfate or ferrous glycinate
increase iron rich foods (meat, dried fruit, beans, PB)
supplement iron 1mg/kg/day for infants exclusively breastfed past 6 mos

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5
Q

IDA Screening

A

9 mos, 5 years, 14 years

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6
Q

Thalassemia

A

unpaired globin chains cause hemolysis and splenomegaly
ineffective erythropoiesis causes hepatosplenomegaly and bony changes
short RBC lifespan

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7
Q

alpha Thalassemia

A

3 genes= silent carrier
2 genes= trait, Hb Bart, usu asx
1 gene= Hb H dz, SE Asia, mod microcytic anemia, splenomegaly
0 genes= hydrops fetalis, SE Asia, death in utero

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8
Q

beta Thalassemia

A

1 gene= mild anemia with significant hypochromic and microcystosis
0 genes= life threatening anemia apparent after 6 mos, severe hypochromic, microcytic anemia
* complications- skeletal abnormalities, growth retardation, CHF, gallstones, iron overload

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9
Q

Hemoglobin

A

9-12 g/dL in a/B trait
6-10 g/dL in Hb H dz
7-10 g/dL in B thalassemia intermedia
<5g/dL in B thalassemia major

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10
Q

Henoch-Scholein Purpura

A

immune mediated, systemic vasculitis of skin, GI tract, kidneys
assoc with strep throat
fever, HTN, purpuric rash in pressure-dep distribution
jt pain/swelling
nonpitting edema of scalp, periorbital, hands and feet
colicky abdominal pain

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11
Q

Henoch-Scholein Purpura labs

A

IgA elevated
UA: hematuria, proteinuria
Stool guiac
Ab US to screen for intussusception

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12
Q

Henoch-Scholein complications

A

HTN, kidney dz, intussusception, bowel perforation, appendicitis

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13
Q

Henoch-Scholein prognosis

A

excellent, 33% chance of recurrence
may have GI tract dz
renal involvement most sig sequalae

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14
Q

Henoch-Scholein Tx

A

analgesics, steroids

steroids/immunosuppressants if >50% crescentic glomerulonephritis

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15
Q

Hemophilia

A

def of factor VIII (A) or IX (B)
sex linked recessive
impaired thrombin and fibrin clotting/jt bleeding

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16
Q

Hemophilia Dx

A

prenatal- chorionic villous sampling
cord blood testing
suspect if long BT or unusual bleeding

17
Q

Hemophilia labs

A

PT and PTT

factor VIII and IX assays

18
Q

Hemophilia complications

A

arthropathy
intracranial bleeding
airway compromise
life threatening hemorrhages

*need to be under care of hematologist

19
Q

Lead poisoning

A

ingestion of house dust, soil, paint chips

CDC: Pb > 10ug/dL
sxs: anorexia, ab pain, change in mental/developmental status

CBC may show anemia

20
Q

Lead poisoning complications

A

acute encephalopathy
seizures, coma, death
metal retardation
anemia, ab colic

21
Q

Lead poisoning Tx

A

remove lead source
chelation- EDTA or DMSA (if >45ug/dL)
supplement with Ca and Fe
redraw every 3-4 mos (if 10-19), every month if >20ug/dL

22
Q

Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

enlargement of lymph nodes with infiltrate/multinucleated giant cells (Reed Sternberg)

peaks: late 20s (in US) and late adulthood
assoc with EBV

23
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma sxs

A
painless LAD
mediastinal mass w non productive cough or difficulty breathing
hepatosplenomegaly
fatigue, wt loss, anorexia
fever, night sweats
24
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma Tx

A

chemo and radiation

good prognosis

25
Q

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Hx of EBV

B cell or T cell origin

26
Q

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma B cell

A

fever, wt los, anorexia
lump in neck
ab mass with pain, swelling, N/V

27
Q

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma T cell

A

mediastinal tumor with cough, hoarse, dyspnea, orthopnea, chest pain, anxiety, confusion, syncope

bleeding, bone pain, pallor, fatigue

28
Q

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma labs

A

LN biopsy

BM aspirate and biopsy

29
Q

ALL

A

most common CA of childhood

easy bruising- thrombocytopenia
bone pain, arthralgia- infiltration of BM
fatigue and pallor-anemia
stridor, orthopnea, SOB- mediastinal mass
LAD, hepatosplenomegaly

30
Q

ALL labs

A

leukocytosis
neutropenia and thrombocytopenia
BM aspirate- lymphoblasts

31
Q

ALL prognosis

A

95% remission

long term survival= 80%