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Hematology > Hematology Week 1: Intro > Flashcards

Hematology Week 1: Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Cells produced in the Bone marrow

11 listed

A
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2
Q

Do lymphocyte numbers reflect ongoing bone marrow activity?

A

No, Lymphocytes are long-lived cells and recirculate in the blood and therefore, lymphocyte numbers do not reflect ongoing bone marrow activity

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3
Q

hematopoiesis in fetuses, children and adults

A
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4
Q

Typical site for a bone marrow biopsy?

A

Posterior iliac crest

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5
Q

Hematopoietic stem cell division

A
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6
Q

Hematopoietic stem cell division daughter cells

A
  • Daughter cells are not identical
  • 1 daughter cell is capable of maturation the other remains a Hematopoietic Stem Cell
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7
Q

Hematopoietic stem cell division results in?

A

1 multipotent progenitor cell

which can become a myeloid progenitor cell or a common lymphoid progenitor cell

which then divides to become progeny cells which have the same genetic composition as the progenitor cells

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8
Q

hematopoiesis lineages are controlled by?

A

Stimulatory factors such as cytokines

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9
Q

Lymphoid Stem Cell ->

A

Lymphoblast

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10
Q

Lymphoblast ->

3 possible

A
  • B Lymphocyte
  • T Lymphocyte
  • Natural Killer Cells
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11
Q

Myeloid Stem Cell ->

3 possible

A

Myeloblast

RBC

Platelets

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12
Q

Myeloblast ->

4 possible

A

Granulocytes

Eosinophils

Neutrophils

Basophils

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13
Q

Bone marrow is produced from?

A

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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14
Q

Bone Marrow microenvironment consists of

A
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15
Q

Neutrophil maturation

A
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16
Q

stain used to detect granulocytic cells

A

Myeloperoxidase cytochemical stain (MPO)

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17
Q

Neutrophil cell types commonly found in the bone marrow

A
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18
Q

Neutrophil cell types commonly found in the blood

A
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19
Q

Where are immature cells in the bone marrow?

A
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20
Q

Where are neutrophils stored?

A
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21
Q

A release of Neutrophil storage compartment

A

and get a left shift to immaturity

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22
Q

GCSF causes

A

causes left shift to immaturity dumping immature cells into the blood

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23
Q

Left shift to immaturity

A
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24
Q

Causes of granulocyte reserve release

A
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25
Granulopoiesis progenitor
myeloblast
26
Granulopoiesis key cytokine
G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor)
27
G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor) is produced by?
several cell types
28
G-CSF AKA
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor
29
Granulopoiesis cycle time
10-14 days from myeloblast to neutrophil
30
Granulopoiesis ANC value indicates
Reflects adequacy of granulopoiesis
31
ANC AKA
Absolute Neutrophil Count
32
Neutrophil Lifespan in Blood
3-5 hours
33
Erythropoiesis progenitor
erythroblast
34
Erythroid colonies surrounding macrophage
Macrophages store iron macrophages might give iron to RBCs
35
iron deficiencies result in a deficiency in these cell lines
Just RBCs
36
iron is bound to
transferrin
37
iron is stored as?
hemosiderin
38
in order for a normoblast to become a reticulocyte they must?
Eject their nucleus
39
Ejected nucleus fate?
Macrophage ingest ejected nuclei
40
Erythropoiesis progenitor
Erythroblast
41
Erythropoiesis Key Cytokine
EPO (Erythropoietin)
42
EPO AKA
Erythropoietin
43
EPO is produced in?
hypoxia sensing cells in the _KIDNEY_
44
Erythropoiesis Cycle time
5-7 days
45
Retic Count
Measure of RBC production rate
46
Erythrocyte lifespan
120 days
47
Erythropoiesis Overview
48
Polychromasia
* a difference in RBC color due to reticulocytes * often seen as a result of increased RBC production in response to anemia
49
Largest cells in the Bone Marrow?
Megakaryocytes
50
Endomitosis
DNA replication without division
51
Megakaryocytes Function
produce platelets by projecting part of its cytoplasm into a peripheral sinus by shagging off a portion of cytoplasm
52
Megakaryopoiesis Progenitor
Megakaryoblast
53
Megakaryopoiesis Key Cytokine
Thrombopoietin
54
Megakaryopoiesis cycle time
Not defined
55
TPO AKA
Thrombopoietin
56
thrombopoietin is produced by?
Hepatocytes
57
Plt count and MPV
a measure of platelet production and also new methods to assess immature platelets
58
Megakaryopoiesis Lifespan
10-12 days
59
Megakaryopoiesis Overview
60
Platelet regulation
TPO binds to platelets when there are reduced platelets, more TPO binds to megakaryoblasts to produce more platelets
61
New Born peripheral Blood smear
All completely normal in newborn * left shift to immaturity (immature myeloid) * nucleated reds NRBC * Polychromasia * Red cell count Hb and Hct are higher than normal compared to the rest of life * Elevated WBC
62
EPO levels in newborn
High
63
In Utero environment is _________ than the external environment
more hypoxic than the external environment
64
being born is a?
Very stressful event to mom and baby
65
3 year old PBS
* More lymphocytes than neutrophils which is normal *
66
Normal Adult PBS
* Neutrophils predominate * RBCs most numerous * occasional eosinophil * monocytes in blood
67
Normal ranges of CBCs are established how and considerations?
68
Identify cell types
69
Normal Diff values
70
Peripheral blood value percent and absolute count consideration
* 90% lymphocytes but with only 2700 then the problem is lack of neutrophils not lymphocytic leukemia * ANC is only 300 which is a big problem
71
how percentages can be misleading
72
Neutrophil function
phagocytosis and killing of bacteria
73
Neutrophil \*1 granules
myeloperoxidase and other enzymes
74
Neutrophil \*2 granules
many proteases
75
Monocytes and macrophages function
Phagocytosis of * organisms * foreign material * ejected nuclei * senescent cells
76
Eosinophil function
Mediate Allergic responses Attack invading parasites
77
Eosinophil Major Action
Granule Release (Major Basic Protein)
78
Eosinophil blood count
Low
79
Eosinophil Tissue
Migrate to tissue attracted by eotaxin chemokine
80
Chemokine that attracts eosinophils
Eotaxin
81
Eosinophils granule contents
Major basic protein
82
Identify
Eosinophils
83
Basophil Function
Initiate immediate hypersensitivity reactions
84
Basophil Major action
Granule release (histamine)
85
Basophil granule contents
Histamine
86
Basophil Blood count
Least frequent WBC
87
Lymphocytes
have revved up lymphocytes that have a lot of cytoplasm and are active
88
Infectious Mononucleosus
have revved up lymphocytes that have a lot of cytoplasm and are active
89
CBC Assesment uses what blood?
Venous Blood
90
CBC Assesment Techniques
91
Automated cell counting properties
92
Erythrocyte Assessment Variables
93
Anemia
94
Logical Approach to Anemia
95
Platelet Assessment Variables
can pick up RBC fragments but will usually raise the average platelet size which will be an indication
96
5 mil probably a neoplasm 1 mil can be ok
97
Immune thrombocytopenia
present with bleeding immune attack on platelets
98
Question 1
Anemia
99
Question 2
A reticulocyte count
100
Blood cell and platelet proliferation speed

Hematology (26 decks)

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