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HML II > Hematopoietic system infections > Flashcards

Hematopoietic system infections Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogens infective to erythrocytes

A

Plasmodium
Babesia microti
Parvovirus B19

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2
Q

Pathogens infective to lymphocytes and lymphatics

A

HIV
EBV
CMV
Wuchereria
Brugia

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3
Q

Pathogens infective to endothelial cells

A

Rickettsia
Bartonella
Hantavirus

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4
Q

Vector for malaria

A

Female anopheles mosquito

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5
Q

Cycle of malaria in human liver

A

Exoerythrocytic cycle

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6
Q

Cycle of malaria in human RBC

A

Erythrocytic cycle

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7
Q

Infective form of malaria to humans

A

Sporozoites

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8
Q

Responsible for relapse and vivax and ovale malaria

A

Hypnozoites

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9
Q

Attachment of P falciparum in RBC

A

Erythrocyte glycophorin A

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10
Q

Membrane protein expressed with IC falciparum malaria

A

PfEMP1

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11
Q

Primary receptor of P vivax

A

Duffy chemokine receptor/Duffy blood group antigen

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12
Q

Hemozoin pigments in infected RBCs and macrophages

A

Malaria

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13
Q

Complications of P falciparum malaria

A

Cerebral malaria
Black water fever

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14
Q

Complication of P malariae malaria

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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15
Q

Complication of untreated P vivax

A

liver, kidney and brain damage

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16
Q

Single ring form in enlarged, circular RBC

A

P vivax

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17
Q

Multiple ring forms in single, unenlarged RBC with some stuck to periphery. Crescentic shaped gametocytes are seen.

A

P falciparum

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18
Q

Single ring form in an enlarged, oval RBC

A

P ovale

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19
Q

Bar and band shaped trophozoites and merozoites that form rosette in smear

A

P malariae

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20
Q

Treatment for liver stages of P vivax and P ovale

A

Primaquine

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21
Q

Primary vector of babesia microti

A

Ixodes tick

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22
Q

Endemic area of Babesia

A

Northeastern seaboard of US

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23
Q

Infective form to humans is pyriform bodies that attach to glycophorins A and B

A

Babesia microti

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24
Q

Multiple ring forms forming tetrads

A

Babesia microti

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25
Q

Treatments for mild to moderate babesiosis

A

Atovaquone
Azithromycin

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26
Q

Treatments for severe babesiosis

A

Clindamycin
Exchange transfusion
QuinineC

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27
Q

Complications of babesiosis in immunocompromised

A

Hemolytic anemia with renal failure

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28
Q

Non-enveloped, linear ssDNA virus that replicates in S phase of cell cycle

A

Parvovirus B19

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29
Q

Virus that targets erythroid progenitor cells in bone marrow

A

Parvovirus B19

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30
Q

Cell receptor for parvovirus B19

A

P antigen - globoside

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31
Q

Transmission of parvovirus B19

A

Respiratory droplets
Transplacental

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32
Q

Complications of parvovirus B19

A

Transient aplastic crisis
Hydrops fetalis

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33
Q

Enveloped, dsDNA, gamma herpesvirinae

A

EBV

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34
Q

Neoplasms associated with EBV

A

Burkitt lymphoma
B cell lymphoma in AIDS
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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35
Q

Target of EBV

A

Binds to CD21/CR2 on mature B cells

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36
Q

3 outcomes of EBV infection

A

Lytic infections - minority
Latent infections - majority
Stimulate growth and immortalize B cells

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37
Q

EBV encoded proteins that help establish latency

A

EBNA-1
LMP1
EBNA-2
VL-10

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38
Q

Function of EBNA-1 in EBV

A

Incorporates EBV genome into host chromosome

39
Q

Function of LMP-1 in EBV

A

Drives B cell activation and proliferation by mimicking CD40

Prevents apoptosis by activating Bcl-2

40
Q

Function of EBNA-2 in EBV

A

Promotes B cell activation and replication

Turns on transcription for cyclin D

41
Q

Function of VIL-10 in EBV

A

Inhibits macrophages, dendritic cells, and antiviral Th1 cells

42
Q

Complications of infectious mononucleosis

A

Splenic rupture with minor trauma

B cell lymphoma in immunocompromised

43
Q

Poorly differentiated monoclonal B cell lymphoma of the jaw and face, seen in EBV

A

African Burkitt lymphoma

44
Q

Raised, corrugated, white lesions of the tongue and mouth associated with EBV and AIDs

A

Hairy oral leukoplakia

45
Q

EBV DNA in tumor cells that are of epithelial origin

A

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

46
Q

Most specific test for EBV

A

Rising titer of antibodies to VCA, EA, and EBNA

47
Q

Presence of IgM antibody to VCA in EBV

A

Acute primary infection

48
Q

Presence of IgG antibody to VCA, but absence of antibody to EBNA in EBV

A

Chronic primary infection

49
Q

Elevation of antibodies to VCA and EA in EBV

A

Recovery

50
Q

Elevated antibodies to VCA and EBNA in EBV

A

Past infection

51
Q

Triad of symptoms in EBV

A

Lymphadenopathy
Splenomegaly
Exudative pharyngitis

52
Q

Enveloped, DNA, beta herpesvirinae

A

CMV

53
Q

Transmission of CMV

A

All body fluids, including breast milk, semen, and vaginal secretions

54
Q

Targets of CMV

A

Granulocytes
Bone marrow progenitors
Fibroblasts
Epithelial cells

55
Q

Cells that hold latent CMV

A

Myeloid stem cells
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Stromal cells of bone marrow

56
Q

Cytomegaly of entire cell and nucleus with a large basophilic inclusion in the nucleus with clear halo

A

Cytopathic effects of CMV infected cells

57
Q

Finding of neonatal infections of CMV

A

IgM antibodies

58
Q

Treatments for CMV

A

Ganciclovir
Foscarnet
Cidofovir

59
Q

Transmission of filariasis

A

Mosquito bite

60
Q

Types of filariasis

A

Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi

61
Q

Periodicity of filariasis

A

Nocturnal

62
Q

Treatments for filariasis

A

Diethyl carbamazine
Invermectin

63
Q

Vector of Ehrlichia

A

Lone star tick

64
Q

Complications of Ehrlichia

A

Fulminant septic syndrome, particularly in immunocompromised

65
Q

Infects blood monocytes and mononuclear phagocytes in tissues and organs

A

Ehrlichia

66
Q

Infects granulocytes –> neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

A

Anaplasma

67
Q

Vector for Anaplasma

A

Ixodes tick

68
Q

Severe complications of anaplasmosis

A

Demyelinating polyneuropathy
Facial palsy

69
Q

Specific test for ehrlichiosis

A

Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)

70
Q

Specific test for anaplasmosis

A

PCR

71
Q

Treatments for anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis

A

Doxycycline
Rifampin

72
Q

Transmission of Coxiella

A

Zoonotic infection shed in parturition
Inhalation of particles

73
Q

Infection of macrophage after phagocytosis after phagolysosome lysis

A

Coxiella

74
Q

Symptoms of chronic endocarditis with negative blood cultures

A

Coxiella

75
Q

Complications of coxiella

A

Chronic endocarditis
Granulomatous hepatitis

76
Q

Treatment for acute coxiella

A

Doxycycline

77
Q

Treatment of chronic coxiella

A

Hydroxychloroquine
Doxycycline

78
Q

Vector for dengue virus

A

Female ades aegypti mosquito

79
Q

Flaviviridae that replicates in monocytes and macrophages

A

Dengue virus

80
Q

Severe forms of dengue that can occur with reinfection with another strain

A

Dengue hemorrhagic fever
Dengue shock syndrome

81
Q

Test helpful for distinguishing dengue subtype

A

Monoclonal antibodies

82
Q

Transmission of Rickettsia

A

Dermacentor tick –> dog or wood tick

83
Q

Best stain for Rickettsia

A

Giemsa

84
Q

Obligate IC parasite that multiplies in the endothelial lining of blood vessels and has OmpA

A

Rickettsia

85
Q

Function of OmpA in Rickettsia

A

Attachment to endothelium

86
Q

Maculopapular rash the starts on hands and feet and spreads to trunk that later becomes petechial/purpuric

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

87
Q

Complications caused by pinpoint hemorrhages in RMSF

A

Encephalitis
Pneumonitis
Cardiac arrhythmia

88
Q

Complications of RMSF in elderly

A

Splenomegaly
DIC
Shock
Death

89
Q

Treatments for RMSF

A

Doxycycline
Rifampin

90
Q

Enveloped, segmented, negative sense ssRNA virus

A

Hantavirus/Bunyavirus

91
Q

Transmission of hantavirus

A

Inhalation of aerosols released from infected deer mouse excreta

92
Q

2 fatal diseases associated with hantavirus

A

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)

93
Q

Treatment for hantavirus

A

Ribavirin in early infection

HML II (15 decks)

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