hemodynamic disorders Flashcards
(24 cards)
thrombosis is different from
a clot
Clots can develop where? as where thrombosis cant
outside of the blood vessels
how do they start?
they start where platelets adhere to the vessel wall due to damage in the vessel where collagen is exposed
where to thrombi typically form?
in the veins
how do they continue to form in the arteries
movement of blood vessels in the arteries, blood flow is regular and rapid, carries away clotting factors, so fibrin formation is limited these clots are much slower/
lines of zahn
lines of fiber caused by platelets, rbcs/wbc built up, more platelets, another line of zahn
what do you see down stream of the thrombosis
a large coagulated cap of blood
arterial vs venous thrombosis
arterial is smaller and does not form a thick long cap like the venous arterials do
three predisposing factors for thrombosis
endothelial damage
flow abnormalities
endothelial damage in arteries
can coagulate on endo/myo cardium damage
caused by arterioscelerosis
trauma, fractures, falls, surgery
endothelial damage in the veins
inflammation
tumors
laterogenic thrombosis (due to therapuetic intervention)
flow abnormalities
flow rate is decreased, platelets accumulate closest to the vessel wall, increase chance of adhering and thrombosis, caused by cardiac damage and reduced ability to pump blood
can be caused by decreased mobility and increased viscosity
varicose veins
blood hyper coagulation
result of diseases, burns, kidney failure, heart failure, metastatic tumor growth, use of oral contraceptives
rarely is a thrombosis due to one factor, and normally several factors work together
organization
clot can go through phagocytic digestion and blood can flow through
there is fibrous clot and channels to allow blood to flow through
propagation
enlarges and extends further down the vessel, surface acts as a site for further platelet attachment
emboli can end up where?
in the lungs and the liver
no effect on the liver cause they have a double blood supply
enzymes that activate plasminogen to plasma
promote fibrinolytic system instead of limiting coagulation
how many ml of blood for air embolism
100ml to 300ml
turn on left side so rt atria/ventrical air rises and ventricals can fill
happens when veins are open to air (surgery, knife wounds, improper administration of IV fluids)
fat emboli in lungs
mild difficulty and respiratory therapy
fat emboli in brain
infarcts, coma and death
fat emboli in heart
can pass through the heart circut, leads to petchial hemmorhage in skin
the bends
the nitrogen in the blood bubbles up and can cause emboli at other altitudes
amniotic fluid embolism
when clumps of fluid and cells crosses into the blood through the uterine lining
forgein body embolism
site where it trapped on where it enters through circulation
