Henry VII Foreign Policy

Question 1

What were Henry VII’s three foreign policy aims?

Answer 1

Trade
National Security
Secure his dynasty

Question 2

Henry VII Foreign Policy with France

Answer 2

> Originally in 100-year war and a traditional enemy of England.
1453, France wins the war and drives England out of their country.
Relative peace for a while, until France invades Brittany in 1487.
Duke Francis dies, Princess Anne takes control of Brittany and asks for support from England in 1489.
H7 gets ER to support Brittany and signs the Treaty of Redon to promise to protect them. Henry tries to make an alliance with Maximillion (HRE).
Anne betrays H7, surrendering to France and marrying Charles VIII. Maximillion is put off the deal and English soldiers are stranded in Brittany.
H7 invades France in 1492, but since France was so focused on Italy, Anglo-French peace came easily.
1492 - Treaty of Etaples

Question 3

Terms of The Treaty of Etaples

Answer 3

> Pension to England, France paid £5000 per year.
Anglo-French peace.
France to withdraw support for Perkin Warbeck.
Increased trade with France.

Question 4

Henry VII Foreign Policy with Spain

Answer 4

1489, Medina Del Campo. Henry wanted to set up a marriage between his son Arthur and Cath of Arag. Ferdinand wasn’t interested and marriage arrangements didn’t go smoothly. 1501, Arthur and Catherine got married.
1502 - Arthur died.
H7 suggested that CoA marry H8, his other son, but Ferdinand gave up on the alliance.
1506, H7 suggests marrying Marg of Burg as an alliance so he can support Juana as the rightful heir to Spain’s crown.
Philip died, and marriage fell through.
Ferd. was angry that H7 had supported Juana as heir, so he rumoured that she had gone mad. Ferdinand says H8-Cath marriage will not happen within H7’s lifetime .

Question 5

Henry VII Foreign Policy with Burgundy

Answer 5

> Margaret of Burgundy supported Perkin Warbeck.
H7 put a ban on trade with Burgundy (embargo).
MoB stops supporting PW.
Intercursus Magnus, 1496. End of the embargo, trade and positive relations resume.
Intercursus Malus, 1506. Henry demanded a stronger position for England. This failed generally, but Anglo-Burgundian relationships remained positive.

Question 6

Henry VII Foreign Policy with Scotland

Answer 6

James IV supported Perkin Warbeck in 1495.
1496, James encouraged PW to invade England with a small army. It was largely unsuccessful.
This invasion attempt caused Henry to ask for ER for an army to beat Scotland.
This caused the Cornish Rebellion, which led to the Treaty of Ayton.
Relations improved significantly, James no longer needed PW and he was executed in 1499.
1502, Treaty of Perpetual Peace, James would marry Henry’s daughter Margaret.

Question 7

Henry VII Foreign Policy with Ireland

Answer 7

Earl of Kildare supported PW in 1491 and Lambert Simnel in 1486.
H7 relied on the EoK to maintain law+order in Ireland.
H7 appointed H8 (an infant) as the Ltn. of Ireland, with Edward Poyning as the deputy.
1495, Poyning’s Law, the Irish government couldn’t pass a law w/o English permission.
This was too expensive so he relied on Kildare instead. 1496+ peace.