Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clin Skills > HENT > Flashcards

HENT Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what 4 topics do you want to ask about in regards to head history?

A

headache
head injury
dizziness
lightheadedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 topics, face history

A

skin and hair

any changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

5 topics, neck history

A 
lumps
swollen glands
goiter (enlarged thyroid)
pain
stiffness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

PE for hair

5 parts

A

hair:
inspection: quantity, distribution, pattern of loss, flaking
palpation: texture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PE scalp

4 parts

A 
SNOB
scaliness 
nevis
other lesions
bumps/lumps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PE skull

7 parts

A 
size 
contours
symm
deformities
lumps
tenderness
sutures (infants- fontanelles)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PE face

6 parts

A 
expression
symm & contour
involuntary movements
edema
masses
skin/facial hair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

face palpation

5 parts

A 
TMJ- motion
frontal & max sinus-percuss
parotid gland
temporal arteries
sensation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what nerve innervates the cochlea

A

cochlear nerve CN 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how do you know which TM it is? right or left?

A

end of malleus curves toward the chin, so left ear will have left curved malleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what topics do you want to ask about for ear history?

7 parts

A 
Hearing Loss
One-sided?
Timing?
Dizziness/Vertigo
Pain or Itch
Discharge
Tinnitus
Positional effects
Medications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

5 causes of earache

A 
Acute otitis media
Otitis externa
Furunculosis
Mastoiditis
Malignancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

earache could be referred pain from what sources?

5 parts

A 
Teeth, Tongue, TMJ
Tonsillitis
Herpes zoster
Carcinoma of pharynx
Cervical spondylosis (age-related wear of vertebrae)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2 types are hearing loss?

A

Conductive
Loss of conduction from the external ear through the middle ear
(ex- sticking finger in their ear,wax buildup, bug in ear)
Sensorineural
Cochlea and cochlear nerve (from disease, tumors, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

4 causes of conductive hearing loss

A

Blockage of ear canal
Perforation of TM
Fluid in the middle ear
Damage to ossicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

give examples of things that can cause tinnitus..

A 
Tumors or aneurysms
Presbycusis-hearing loss from aging
Noise-associated hearing loss
Chronic otitis media
Meniere’s disease
Otosclerosis
Ototoxic drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are you doing when you palpate the auricle?

A

Move auricle up and down
Press on tragus bilaterally
Press behind ear
Press on mastoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are you inspecting canals and TM for?

A 
Canals
     Discharge, FB, Erythema, Swelling, Cerumen
TMs
    Color, Contour, Cone of Light
    Handle and short process of malleus
    Pars flaccida and pars tensa
    Mobility
    Perforations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

whisper test: how far are you standing away? what kinds of words are you saying?

A

Stand behind or cover mouth
1-2 ft away
Use words with 2 equally accented syllables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how do we test conductive vs SNHL?

A

Rinne

Air vs Bone conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

expand on the rinne test, how do you tell if they have normal or conductive hearing loss from this test?

A 
Base vibrating on mastoid, level with canal until pt no longer hears
Quickly turn close to ear canal
Hear again?
Normal: AC>BC
Conductive loss: BC=AC or BC>AC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what Hz are the tuning forks at?

A

512 or 1024

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the weber test? what do the results mean?

A

done on those with hearing loss already detected
Lateralism
Top of Head/Mid-forehead
Equal on both sides?
Unilateral sensorineural loss – hear in good ear
Unilateral conductive loss – hear in affected ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the outside, flared part of the nare called?

A

ala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the middle, at the opening of the nose, of the nares called?
collumella
26
what is the inner lip of the nares called?
vestibule- hair baring skin- not mucosa
27
where does the nasolacrimal duct and paranasal sinuses drain into?
inferior meatus
28
what portions of the bridge of the nose are bone and cartilage?
upper 1/3: bone | lower 2/3: cartilage
29
what do turbinates do?
Turbinates increase surface area, covered with mucosa – cleanses, humidifies, controls temp of inspired air
30
where are your nerves for smell located?
top of the septum
31
what injury do we worry about with the cartilagenous part of the septum?
septal hematoma from trauma, little blood supply
32
what are the two sinuses that you can palpate?
frontal and maxillary
33
what do you need to ask about for nose history? | 7 parts
``` Discharge (Rhinorrhea)/Congestion One side or both Blockage Sneezing Pain Changes in sense of smell Deformity Epistaxis *timing, environment, assoc. symptoms, meds ```
34
what are the 3 parts of nose inspection?
Anterior/inferior surfaces Pen light/Otoscope to visualize vestibules Gentle pressure on tip widens nostrils Asymmetry/Deformity
35
what should we look for in nasal mucosa?
color, edema, bleeding, exudate
36
what is in the nose palpation part of the exam?
looking for nasal and sinus tenderness | -transillumination : look for light on hard palate of mouth
37
what are the posterior and anterior pillars of the mouth?
arches in back of mouth from the uvula, posterior appears more medial
38
where is the opening of the parotid duct?
inner cheek above bucal mucosa and papilla
39
where is the papilla of the mouth?
inner cheek above bucal mucosa, below parotid duct
40
where is the duct of the submandibular gland?
under the tongue next to the frenulum
41
what do you want to ask about for history of mouth, teeth and tongue? 7 parts
``` Pain Lesions Too much or too little saliva Dental & periodontal changes Bleeding gums Difficulties with chewing Malocclusion Difficulties with speaking ```
42
history for lips?
lesions, drying
43
what to ask about for oropharynx history? 9 parts
``` Pain Hoarseness Swallowing problems Respiratory problems Lump Hemorrhage Referred pain Foreign body weightloss ```
44
what 3 things could symptoms of the pharynx be referring to?
Local problem Respiratory problem Gastrointestinal problem
45
what are you looking for when inspecting and palpating lips- 5? buccal/labial mucosa-4?
Inspect and Palpate lips Color, moisture, lumps, ulcers, scaliness Inspect and Palpate buccal/labial mucosa Tongue blade Color, ulcers, white patches, nodules
46
what to look for when you inspect and palpate teeth? | 3 parts
Color (pink), swelling, ulceration Teeth missing, discolored, misshapen Palpate – loose teeth
47
what to look for when you inspect and palpate hard and soft palate? 2 parts
color and architechture
48
inspect and palpate tongue? | 5 parts to inspection, 1 to palpation
Symmetry (CN XII – hypoglossal), color, texture, cancerous lesion, nodules, ulcerations Palpate – grasp tongue tip with gauze and pull to side bilaterally and palpate; induration?
49
inspect and palpate floor of mouth? 5 parts
Color, architecture, lesions, nodules, ulcerations
50
what controls rise and fall of soft palate?
CN X- vagal nerve
51
what makes up the anterior triangle of neck?
sternocleidomastoid muscle, mandible-jaw line, midline of neck
52
what makes up the posterior triangle of the neck?
trapezius muscle, sternocleidomastoid muscle, omohyoid muscle (inferior line)
53
where is the external jugular located in relation to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
superficial to its sternal head
54
where is the internal jugular vein located? where does it drain?
deep to sternocleidomastoid muscle. drains directly into the right atrium- fluid will backup into here = jugular veinous distention
55
where is the carotid sinus and artery located in relation to sternocleidomastoid muscle?
medial to it
56
what is the cricoid cartilage?
the ring shaped cartilage of the laynx, inferior to thyroid cartilage
57
what structure does the thyroid wrap around? how is it shaped? what are the isthmus and lobes?
trachea/windpipe.. The two wings or lobes on either side of the windpipe are joined together by a bridge of tissue, called the isthmus, which crosses over the front of the windpipe.
58
why are lymphs important to examine?
1. infection and 2. cancer - look for swelling, tenderness (infection- responding appropriately). If you get swelling without tenderness or other infectious problems- look for infection. if none- CANCER
59
history for neck? 3 parts
pain stiffness swelling, goiter or nodes
60
inspection of the neck? 5 parts
``` Symmetry Masses Scars Enlarged nodes Enlarged glands Parotid Submandibular ```
61
palpation of the nodes : what parts of your fingers do you use? what 10 lymphs are you feeling for? 4 characteristics of each?
Usually with pads of pointer and middle fingers; neck flexed Preauricular, Posterior auricular, Occipital, Tonsillar, Submandibular, Submental, Superficial Cervical, Posterior Cervical, Deep Cervical Chain, Supraclavicular Size, mobility, tenderness, shape If enlarged or tender Examine areas they drain Examine all nodes
62
PE of the neck specific to muscular function? 5 parts
``` Evaluate range of motion Palpate for crepitus (friction between bone and cartilage) Palpate muscles Strength of trapezius muscles Strength of SCM muscles ```
63
PE trachea and thyroid. 4 parts to inspect and palpate
Inspect & palpate for deviation from midline Palpate above suprasternal notch Inspect neck using tangential lighting Inspect & palpate thyroid, patient swallowing
64
what are you looking for in palpation of the thyroid? | 6 parts
Palpate thyroid from behind, patient swallowing Size, Shape, Consistency, Nodules, Tenderness Bruit (abnormal sound)
65
what further exam do you do if thyroid is enlarged? What else will you inspect in regards to neck arteries?
auscultate lateral lobes for possible bruit (abnormal sound from narrowing of artery) - look for JVD (jugular vein distention) w/ pt sitting - if carotids are absent/weak, listen for bruit

Clin Skills (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions