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GI > Hernias > Flashcards

Hernias Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hernia?

A

Protrusion of peritoneum through an opening

(usually at a site of weakness)

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2
Q

protrusion of peritoneum through an opening, what is it?

A

hernia

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3
Q

contents of hernia may be at risk of what? (2 things)

A

incarceration and strangulation

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4
Q

what is a sign of incarceration?

A

not reducible back into abdomen/pelvis

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5
Q

how can you check for incarceration of a hernia?

A

try to reduce hernia back into abdomen/pelvis

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6
Q

what are signs of strangulation of a hernia?

A

ischemia and necrosis

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7
Q

hernia is ischemic and necrotic. what is going on?

A

strangulation

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8
Q

how can complicated hernias present?

A

tenderness, erythema, fever

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9
Q

diaphragmatic hernia: what is this?

A

abdominal structures entering the thorax

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10
Q

abdominal structures entering the thorax: what is this?

A

diaphragmatic hernia

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11
Q

diaphragmatic hernia: what are the most common causes of in infants?

A

congenital defect of pleuroperitoneal membrane

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12
Q

diaphragmatic hernia in children: which side?

A

mostly left, because right is mostly protected by the liver

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13
Q

congenital defect of pleuroperitoneal membrane: causes what?

A

diaphragmatic hernia in children

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14
Q

diaphragmatic hernia in adults: what is the cause?

A

laxcity(looseness)/defect of phrenoesophageal membrane

leads to hiatal hernia (hernia of stomach through esophageal hiatus)

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15
Q

defect of phrenoesophageal membrane -> leads to what?

A

hiatus hernia (diaphragmatic hernia) in adults

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16
Q

what is a hiatal hernia?

A

herniation of stomach through esophageal hiatus

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17
Q

herniation of stomach through esophageal hiatus: what is this?

A

hiatus hernia

diaphragmatic hernia in adults

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18
Q

Sliding hiatal hernia: what is this?

A

gastroesophageal junction is displaced upward as gastric cardia slides into hiatus

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19
Q

what slides into hiatus in a ‘sliding hiatal hernia’?

A

cardia of the stomach

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20
Q

hourglass stomach: which type of hernia?

A

sliding hiatal hernia

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21
Q

what is the most common type of a hiatal hernia?

A

sliding hiatal hernia

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22
Q

which type of hernia is associated with GERD?

GERD = gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

sliding hiatal hernia

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23
Q

sliding hiatal hernia: associated with what?

A

GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)

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24
Q

what are the 2 types of a hiatal hernia?

A

sliding hiatal hernia
paraesophageal hiatal hernia

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25
Q

what is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?

A

gastric fundus protrudes into thorax, gastroesophagea junction usually normal

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26
Q

gastric cardia protrudes into thorax. what is this?

A

sliding hiatal hernia

27
Q

gastric fundus protrudes into thorax. what is this?

A

paraesophageal hiatal hernia

28
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia: slides through which structures?

A

internal (deep) inguinal ring, external (superficial) inguinal ring, into the groin

29
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia: medial or lateral of inferior epigastric vessels?

A

lateral

30
Q

which hernia is lateral of inferior epigastric vessels?

A

indirect inguinal hernia

31
Q

which hernia slides through internal (deep) inguinal ring, external (superficial) inguinal ring, into the groin?

A

indirect inguinal hernia

32
Q

what causes a congenital indirect inguinal hernia?

A

failure of processus vaginalis to close

33
Q

failure of processus vaginalis to close -> which hernia?

A

indirect inguinal hernia

34
Q

failure of processus vaginalis to close can cause indirect hernia

what other structure can form in boys?

A

hydrocele

35
Q

what is a hydrocele?

A

collection of fluid in the scrotum

36
Q

collection of fluid in the scrotum,
what is this?

A

hydrocele

37
Q

indirect inguinal hernia: more common in males or females?

A

males

38
Q

can an indirect inguinal hernia be noticed in both infants and adults?

A

yes

39
Q

indirect inguinal hernia: follows pathway of what?

A

testicular descent

40
Q

indirect inguinal hernia: covered by what?

A

3 layers of spermatic fascia

41
Q

what are the 3 layers of the spermatic fascia?

A
  1. external spermatic fascia
  2. cremasteric fascia
  3. internal spermatic fascia

(van buiten naar binnen tijdens het snijden)

42
Q

external spermatic fascia: derived from what?

A

external oblique aponeurosis

43
Q

cremasteric fascia: derived from what?

A

internal oblique aponeurosis

44
Q

internal spermatic fascia: derived from what?

A

fascia transversalis

45
Q

direct inguinal hernia: protrudes through what?

A

inguinal triangle (Hesselbach)

46
Q

Hesselbach triangle: what are the 3 walls?

A

medial: rectus abdominis
lateral: inferior epigastic vessels
inferior: inguinal ligament

47
Q

hernia through triangle of Hesselbach: which type?

A

direct inguinal hernia

48
Q

direct inguinal hernia: goes through which (ring) structure?

A

external/superficial inguinal ring only

49
Q

direct inguinal hernia: covered by which fascia?

A

external spermatic fascia

50
Q

direct inguinal hernia: common in who?

A

older males due to acquired weakness of transversalis fascia

51
Q

older males due with acquired weakness of transversalis fascia: which hernia?

A

direct inguinal hernia

52
Q

direct inguinal hernia: bulges where?

A

directly through parietal peritoneum

53
Q

direct inguinal hernia: medial or lateral of inferior epigastric vessels?

A

medial

54
Q

direct inguinal hernia: medial or lateral of rectus abdominis?

A

lateral

55
Q

mnemonic:
MD’s don’t LIe

A

MD: medial, direct hernia
LI: lateral, indirect hernia

56
Q

MD: medial, direct hernia
LI: lateral, indirect hernia

which mnemonic?

A

MD’s don’t LIe

57
Q

Femoral hernia: protrudes where?

A

below inguinal ligament, through femoral canal

58
Q

femoral hernia: orientation with respect to pubic tubercle?

A

lateral and below

59
Q

femoral hernia: more common in males or females?

A

females

(but overall inguinal hernias are the most common in females)

60
Q

most common hernia in females?

A

inguinal hernia

61
Q

below inguinal ligament, through femoral canal

what type of hernia?

A

femoral hernia

62
Q

which hernia is more likely to present with incarceration or strangulation: femoral or inguinal?

A

femoral hernia

63
Q

femoral hernia: which complications are more likely? (vs inguinal hernia)

A

incarceration and strangulation

GI (14 decks)

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