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GI > liver tissue architecture > Flashcards

liver tissue architecture Flashcards

1
Q

functional unit of liver: shape?

A

hexagonal (6) lobules
surrounding a central vein

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2
Q

what are on the edge of each hexagonal lobule surrounding a central vein?

A

portal triad

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3
Q

portal triad constists of what?

A

portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct

also lymphatics

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4
Q

portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct

what is this?

A

portal triad

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5
Q

how many portal triads surrounding a central vein?

A

6 (hexagonal)

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6
Q

apical surface of hepatocytes face what?

A

bile canaliculi

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7
Q

basolateral surface of hepatocytes face what?

A

sinusoids

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8
Q

what are kupffer cells?

A

specialized macrophages in sinusoids of liver

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9
Q

what are specialized macrophages in sinusoids of liver called?

A

Kupffer

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10
Q

what is a liver sinusoid?

A

vessels that receive blood from terminal branches from
- hepatic artery
- portal vein

located the periphery of lobules

deliver blood into central veins

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11
Q

kupffer cells: role?

A

clear bacteria and damaged/senescent RBCs

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12
Q

which cells clear bacteria and damaged RBCs in the liver?

A

Kupffer cells

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13
Q

what are hepatic stellate cells also called?

A

Ito cells

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14
Q

what are Ito cells?

A

hepatic stellate cells

store Vitamin A

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15
Q

Hepatic stellate (Ito) cells: role when quiescent?

A

vitamin A storage

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16
Q

Hepatic stellate (Ito) cells: role when active?

A

make ECM

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17
Q

what are the 2 roles of Ito cells?

A

vitamin A storage, ECM production

18
Q

which cells are responsible for hepatic fibrosis?

A

Ito cells

19
Q

where are stellate hepatic cells (ito cells) located?

A

in the space of Disse

20
Q

which Vit A storing cell type does the space of Disse contain?

A

Ito cells

21
Q

what is the space of Disse?

A

space between hepatocyte and sinusoid

22
Q

where are Kupffer cells located?

A

in the sinusoids of the liver

23
Q

what are the 3 zones of the hepatic hexagon?

A

Zone I: periportal (near portal triad)
Zone II: intermediate
Zone III: pericentral (centrilobular) zone

24
Q

Which hepatic zone is first affected by viral hepatitis?

A

Zone I: periportal zone

25
Q

which hepatic zone is most oxygenated?

A

Zone I: periportal zone

26
Q

which hepatic zone is most resistant to circulatory compromise?

A

Zone I: periportal zone

27
Q

what is zone I in the liver hexagon called?

A

periportal zone

28
Q

which zone is affected in yellow fever?

A

zone II: intermediate zone

29
Q

what is yellow fever?

A

infection of yellow fever virus, spread via mosquitoes. symptoms include fever, muscle pain, headache, loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting. normally symptoms disappear in 3-4 days

sometimes second, more toxic phase within 24 hrs from recovering from initial symptoms

30
Q

what is zone II called?

A

intermediate zone

31
Q

what characterizes the second, toxic phase of yellow fever?

A

High fever returns. liver and the kidneys affected. jaundice, dark urine, abdominal pain with vomiting, bleeding.

50% dies

32
Q

what is zone III called?

A

pericentral (centrilobular) zone

33
Q

which zone is first affected by ischemia?

A

zone III

34
Q

zone III has a high concentration of which enzyme?

A

cytochrome P-450

35
Q

cytochrome P-450, high concentration in which zone?

A

zone III pericentral

36
Q

which zone is most sensitive to metabolic toxins?

A

zone III

37
Q

what are examples of metabolic toxins to which zone III is sensitive?

A

ethanol, CCl4, halothane, rifampin, acetominophen

38
Q

what is rifampin?

A

antibiotics to treat TB

39
Q

what is halothane?

A

inhalation anesthetic

40
Q

what is CCl4?

A

very hepatotoxic chemical compound (used in cleaning supplies, no longer permitted)

41
Q

where is the site (zone) of alcoholic hepatitis?

A

zone III, pericentral

GI (14 decks)

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