Hernias

Question 1

Abdominal hernias

Answer 1

Umbilical 
Ventral midline 
Lateral abdominal
Diaphragmatic 
Caudal abdominal

Question 2

What are the categories of Abdominal hernias?

Answer 2

Reducible
Incarcerated
Strangulated

Question 3

What are the three portions of Hernia Anatomy?

Answer 3

Ring
Sac
Contents

Question 4

What are the clinical signs of herniation?

Answer 4

Swelling

Question 5

True hernia

Answer 5

opening through normal aperture, containing a complete peritoneal sac

Question 6

False hernia

Answer 6

Do not contain a complete peritoneal sac, usually created by trauma or after breakdown of surgical entry

Question 7

What type of hernia is common in horses?

Answer 7

Indirect (true) hernia

Question 8

Inguinal hernia

Answer 8

intestinal contents within the inguinal canal

Question 9

Scrotal hernia

Answer 9

intestine continues into the scrotum

Question 10

What breeds of horse are predisposed to hernias?

Answer 10

Draft breed
American saddlebreds
Standardbreds
Andalusians
TWH

Question 11

What congenital inguinal hernias are most common?

Answer 11

Unilateral

Question 12

What is the treatment for congenital inguinal hernia?

Answer 12

Resolve spontaneously (3-6 months)
Confine to box stall
Show owner how to reduce several times daily
Support/inguinal bandage

Question 13

Ruptured inguinal hernia

Answer 13

4-48 hours after birth in foals

Question 14

Clinical signs of Ruptured inguinal hernia

Answer 14

Intermittent colic
Depression
Severe scrotal/preputial swelling

Question 15

Clinical signs of inguinal hernia

Answer 15

Scrotal swelling
Testicle often cool due to vascular compromise
Colic

Question 16

What are the most common contents in the inguinal hernia?

Answer 16

Distal jejunum and ileum

Question 17

What type of hernia is an inguinal hernia?

Answer 17

true (indirect) hernia

Question 18

Inguinal hernia

Answer 18

Distal jejunum and ileum contents pass through the vaginal ring into vaginal tunic

Question 19

Why is the size of the external inguinal ring irrelevant to the development of inguinal hernia?

Answer 19

it must pass through the internal inguinal hernia before the external inguinal hernia

Question 20

What is the reason for congenital inguinal hernia surgical intervention ?

Answer 20

Failure to resolve
Enlargement
Rent in vaginal sac has allowed escape into SQ tissue

Question 21

Advantages of Laparoscopic Herniorrhaphy

Answer 21

Faster procedure
minimal post op swelling
rapid return to normal activity

Question 22

How do you prevent Reherniation?

Answer 22

Ligating spermatic cord during castration
Pack inguinal cavity with gauze for 24-48 hours post op
Superficial ring closed using heavy absorbable suture

Question 23

In what breed of cattle is indirect inguinal hernia common?

Answer 23

Beef breeds

Question 24

Surgical intervention of hernia in cattle

Answer 24

direct approach over superficial inguinal ring

Question 25

What is the most common type of hernia i horses?

Answer 25

Umbilical

Question 26

Parietal (Richter) hernia

Answer 26

Antimesenteric wall of ileum incarcerated

Question 27

What is the cause of umbilical hernia?

Answer 27

Trauma to umbilical cord during birth Excessive straining umbilical cord infection

Question 28

What are the content of a foals umbilical hernia?

Answer 28

Subperitoneal fat Omentum Viscera

Question 29

What is the most common viscera in the umbilical hernia in foals?

Answer 29

Ileum or small intestine

Question 30

What is the conservative treatment for umbilical heria?

Answer 30

Palpate daily for changes in `size | Usually resolves by 4 months of age

Question 31

What is the surgical treatment for umbilical heria?

Answer 31

Hernia clamp | Direct surgical repair

Question 32

What is the preferred surgical treatment of umbilical hernia?

Answer 32

Open

Question 33

What are the 5 categories of umbilical hernias in calves?

Answer 33

``` Uncomplicated hernias Hernias with SQ infection/abscessation Hernia with infection of umbilical remnant Umbilical abscesses/chronic omphalitis Urachal cysts/ruptures ```

Question 34

What is the most common birth defect in cattle?

Answer 34

Umbilical hernia

Question 35

What is the most common viscera in the umbilical hernial sac?

Answer 35

Abomasum

Question 36

Conservative treatment for uncomplicated hernias in cattle?

Answer 36

Only if less than 5 cm and reducible Hernia clamps Elastrator bands Abdominal support bandages

Question 37

When would you perform surgical intervention on uncomplicated hernia in cattle?

Answer 37

if greater than 5 cm long | Open herniorrhaphy

Question 38

What are the post-op complications of herniorrhapy in cattle?

Answer 38

Abscess Seroma/hematoma Dehiscence

Question 39

What is the most frequently infected remnant in calves?

Answer 39

Urachus

Question 40

What is the treatment of localized Omphalophlebitis in calves?

Answer 40

Ligate the umbilical vein and remove en bloc

Question 41

What is the treatment of extending cranially Omphalophlebitis in calves?

Answer 41

marsupialization separate incision on ventral abdomen wall of the umbilical vein secured to the body wall Irrigate marsupialized tract daily