Respiratory surgery

Question 1

Indications for respiratory surgery

Answer 1

Exercise intolerance 
Poor performance
abnormal respiratory noise 
Mucopurulent nasal discharge 
Serosanguinous nasal discharge 
External distortion of facial region

Question 2

What is the clinical sign for Redundant alar folds?

Answer 2

Expiratory noise

Question 3

Treatment for Redundant alar fold

Answer 3

Large temporary mattress suture

Surgery: Lateral or dorsal recumbency, carmalt forceps

Question 4

Clinical signs of disease of the nasal septum

Answer 4

Decreased or complete obstruction
stridor
discharge
facial distortion

Question 5

Aftercare of treatment of nasal septum resection

Answer 5

systemic abx
NSAIDs
Remove packing 2 days post op
Clean and flush with saline

Question 6

Progressive ethmoid hematoma

Answer 6

progressively enlarging soft tissue mass originating from the mucosa of the ethmoid turbinates

Question 7

Clinical signs of ethmoid hematoma

Answer 7

epistaxis
serosanguinous nasal exudate
Stridor

Question 8

Where is the ethmoid hematoma located if the epistaxis is bilateral?

Answer 8

caudal to the caudal edge of the nasal septum

Question 9

Where is the ethmoid hematoma located if the epistaxis is unilateral?

Answer 9

cranial to the caudal edge of the nasal septum

Question 10

Treatment for Ethmoid hematoma

Answer 10

Trephination for removal

4% formalin via biopsy endoscopically repeat in 2-3 weeks

Question 11

What is the histopathology of ethmoid hematoma?

Answer 11

Outer surface: respiratory epithelium

Central: hemosiderin filled macrophages

Question 12

What causes Primary Sinusitits?

Answer 12

Upper respiratory tract infection

Question 13

What causes secondary Sinusitis?

Answer 13

Dental disease
Facial fractures
Cysts
Neoplasia

Question 14

Clinical signs of Sinusitis

Answer 14

Nasal discharge: serosanguinous
Coughing
Facial deformity

Question 15

Landmarks of the frontal sinus

Answer 15

Cranial edge of facial crest
Medial canthus of the eye
1cm above the imaginary line halfway between the points

Question 16

Aftercare of trephination for sinusitis

Answer 16

Leave open
flush daily
Abx
NSAIDs

Question 17

What is the treatment for Squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 17

necropsy

Question 18

Cribbing

Answer 18

“windsucker”
Grasp object with incisors
Contract ventral neck muscles
Pull backward

Question 19

What are the causes of cribbing?

Answer 19

Boredom
confinement
isolation
lack of roughage

Question 20

Consequences of cribbing

Answer 20

Colic
abnormal wear of incisors
weight loss

Question 21

Non surgical treatment of cribbing

Answer 21

Remove fixed objects 
bitter tasting substances
Cribbing straps 
acupuncture 
Aversion 
Naloxon

Question 22

Surgical treatment of cribbing

Answer 22

removal of: Sternomandibularis, sternothyrohyoideus, omohyoideus
Neurectomy - ventral branch of spinal accessory nerve
Modified Forssel’s Procedure - myectomy or neurectomy

Question 23

Aftercare of Myoectomy

Answer 23

Abx + NSAIDs

Change environment

Question 24

Idiopathic Laryngal Hemiplegia

Answer 24

Uni- or bilateraly paralysis of the cricoarytenoid muscle due to progressive neurogenic atrophy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 25

Signalment of equine with Idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia

Answer 25

1-10 years old large breed horses Hereditary

Question 26

Causes of Idiopathic Laryngeal Hemiplegia

Answer 26

``` Perivascular injection of the left jugular vein Gutteral pouch mycosis trauma strangles Organophosphate toxicity Plant poisoning Lead toxicity CNS disease ```

Question 27

Test for Idiopathic Laryngeal hemoplegia

Answer 27

Slap test

Question 28

Grade 1 Idiopathic Laryngeal hemoplegia

Answer 28

Normal full abduction of left and right

Question 29

Grade 2 Idiopathic Laryngeal hemoplegia

Answer 29

Asynchronous abduction but full abduction could be achieved

Question 30

Grade 3 Idiopathic Laryngeal hemoplegia

Answer 30

Asymmetry at rest, some movement, but full abduction cannot be achieved

Question 31

Grade 4 Idiopathic Laryngeal hemoplegia

Answer 31

Asymmetry at rest and no movement

Question 32

Treatment of Idiopathic Laryngeal hemoplegia

Answer 32

Laryngoplasty (Tie back) | Ventriculectomy (sacculoectomy)

Question 33

What are complications of the Tieback?

Answer 33

Seroma Cough Dysplagia

Question 34

What are complications of Ventriculectomy?

Answer 34

Granuloma formation Mucocele Laryngeal web

Question 35

Arytenoid chondritis

Answer 35

inflammation and thickening of the arytenoid cartilage

Question 36

Treatment of Arytenoid chondritis

Answer 36

Total arytenoidectomy | Partial arytenoidectomy

Question 37

Treatment of choice for Arytenoid chondritis

Answer 37

Partial arytenoidectomy

Question 38

Dorsal Displacement of the soft palate

Answer 38

the soft palate is displaced over the epiglottis | "Choking up"

Question 39

Treatment of DDSP

Answer 39

NSAIDs Tongue tie Laryngohyoid support device

Question 40

Surgical Treatment of DDSP

Answer 40

``` Staphylectomy Myectomy Removal of sternothyroideus, sternohyoideus, omohyoideus Epiglottic augmentation LASER cauterization Laryngeal tie forward ```

Question 41

What is the preferred Surgical Treatment of DDSP?

Answer 41

Myectomy of sternothyrohyoideus,