Herpesviridae part 2

Question 1

What does canine herpesvirus-1 (CHHV-1). Cause in puppies?

Answer 1

Hemorrhagic disease of puppies (fading puppy syndrome)

Question 2

What are the 3 primary modes of transmission of CHV1?

Answer 2

1. Contact with infected oral, nasal, or vaginal secretions of dam
2. In-uterus transmission
3. Passage through birth canal

Question 3

What are two ways an older dog can get CHV1?

Answer 3

1. Venereal

2. Contact with saliva, nasal discharge, or urine of infected dogs or puppies

Question 4

What are 3 types of infections CHV1 can cause?

Answer 4

1. In-utero infection
2. Systemic neonatal infection
3. CNS infection

Question 5

What are two factors governing systemic neonatal infection from CHV1?

Answer 5

1. Body temperature of puppies

2. Maternal immunity

Question 6

What does feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV1) cause?

Answer 6

Feline rhinotracheitis

Question 7

What is the main transmission routes of FHV1?

Answer 7

1. Direct contact with infected cat

Question 8

Where does virus replication of FHV1 primarily take place?

Answer 8

Mucosa of nasal septum, turbinates, nasopharynx and tonsils

Question 9

What are some CS of feline rhinotracheitis caused by FHV1?

Answer 9

1. Conjunctivitis
2. Hyperemia and serous ocular discharge
3. Ulcerative keratitis
4. Severe necrohemmorrhagic rhinitis
5. Multi focal necrohemorrhagic palatitis

Question 10

T/F: oral ulcers are common in cats with FHV1 infection

Answer 10

False, oral ulcers are rare; common in FCV cats

Question 11

What are 3 types of FHV1 and FCV vaccines available?

Answer 11

1. MLV parenterally
2. MLV intranasally
3. Inactivated vaccine parenterally

Question 12

What two infections do avian diseases cause?

Answer 12

1. Infectious laryngotracheitis (Gallid herpesvirus 1)

2. Marek’ disease (Gallid herpesvirus 2)

Question 13

What is the primary transmission of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) caused by GHV1?

Answer 13

Inhalation

Question 14

T/F: the trigeminal ganglion is the target for ILT viral latency

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What are the CS of severe ILT?

Answer 15

1. Head shaking w/coughing
2. “Pump handle respiration”
3. Bloody mucous

Question 16

T/F: The mild enzootic form of ILT is the most common while the severe epizootic is uncommon

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Upon necropsy, was is an important finding in the trachea for ILT?

Answer 17

Tracheal plug (diphtheria membrane)

Question 18

T/F: for ILT Dx, virus grows well is CAM of embryonated egg

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What are 3 types of vaccines for ILT?

Answer 19

1. CEO
2. TCO
3. Pox-vectored recombinant vaccine

Question 20

T/F: CEO vaccines against ILT have the capability to revert virulence and cause full blown ILT signs to induce better immunity

Answer 20

True

Question 21

T/F: TCO vaccines against ILT have similar effects

Answer 21

False; Given by eye drop only and does not spread significantly to revert virulence, limiting the level of induced immunity

Question 22

Merek’s disease is a very important disease in poultry caused by what herpesvirus?

Answer 22

Gallid herpesvirus 2

Question 23

What is the highly infection transmission route of Marek’s disease?

Answer 23

Cell free viruses released from feather follicles (labile)

Question 24

What is a less infectious route of transmission for Marek’s disease?

Answer 24

Viruses in dander (survive several months in poultry house dust or litter)

Question 25

What are the 4 pathotypes of Gallid herpes virus 2 that cause Marek's disease (MD)?

Answer 25

1. Mild (mMDV) 2. Virulent (VMDV) 3. Very virulent (vvMDV) 4. Very virulent plus (vv+MDV)

Question 26

What are 4 overlapping virus-cell interactions observed in MD?

Answer 26

1. Fully productive infection 2. Productive-restrictive infection 3. Non-productive infection 4. Non-productive neoplastic transformation

Question 27

T/F: MD virus is slowly cytopathic and remains associated with cells

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What are 4 Clinical features of MD?

Answer 28

1. Neurolymphomatosis 2. Visceral lymphomatosis 3. Ocular lymphomatosis 4. Cutaneous lymphomatosis

Question 29

What are the CS of neurolymphomatosis caused by MD?

Answer 29

1. Enlargement of nerve trunks 2. Edematous, grey, or yellow look 3. Lameness, droopy wings, paresis of legs

Question 30

What are some CS of visceral lymphomatosis caused by MD?

Answer 30

1. Enlarged proventriculus, liver, ovary

Question 31

What are some CS of ocular lymphomatosis?

Answer 31

1. Grating of iris | 2. Partial to total blindness

Question 32

What are some CS of cutaneous lymphomatosis?

Answer 32

1. Plucking of features | 2. Enlarged feather follicles

Question 33

What is the most protective commercial vaccine available for MD?

Answer 33

CV1988/Rispens

Question 34

Inclusion body rhinitis is caused by what herpesvirus?

Answer 34

Porcine herpesvirus 2

Question 35

What are two transmission routes of inclusion body rhinitis caused by PHV2?

Answer 35

1. Primarily inhalation | 2. Transplacental

Question 36

What is the primary replication site for inclusion body rhinitis caused by PHV2?

Answer 36

Nasal mucous glands and epithelial cells of upper resp. tract

Question 37

What does inclusion body rhinitis caused by PHV2 look like histologically?

Answer 37

Infected cells enlarged with intranuclear inclusion bodies, especially in nasal glands

Question 38

What are the two most important viruses for malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)?

Answer 38

1. Alcephaline herpesvirus-1 (AHV1) = wildebeest associated MCF 2. Ovine herpesvirus-2 (OHV2) = sheep associated MCF

Question 39

T/F: AHV1 or wildebeest associated MCF is epizootic and seasonal

Answer 39

True

Question 40

T/F: Sheep associated MCF occurs year-round and is usually sporadic

Answer 40

True

Question 41

T/F: In Africa, MCF is found in cattle that are close to wildebeest, while outside Africa, usually associated with sheep contact

Answer 41

True

Question 42

T/F: cattle are dead end hosts for wildebeest or sheep associated MCF

Answer 42

True

Question 43

T/F: Diarrhea is rarely observed in sheep derived MCF and is more common is wildebeest derived MCF

Answer 43

False, more common in sheep associated MCF

Question 44

What are the early stage signs of head and eye MCF?

Answer 44

1. Reddened eyelids 2. Bilateral corneal opacity 3. Crusty muzzle and nares 4. Nasal discharge 5. Salivation

Question 45

What are the later stage signs of head and eye MCF?

Answer 45

Erosions on tongue, hard palate, buccal papillae

Question 46

What is an important necropsy finding of MCF in cattle?

Answer 46

Zebra striping in colon