Higher Cognition I

Question 1

what are the four processes higher cognition refers to

Answer 1

Selectively attention
Working memory
Task switching
Response inhibition

Question 2

Stroop task explantation and fmri

Answer 2

PROCESSING SPEED
-reading faster than colour recognition

SELECTIVE ATTENTION
-colour rec requires more attention and uses more exec resources

fMRI shows frontal-parietal pattern

Question 3

Go/no-go explanation

Answer 3

-more stimuli for “go” press button, less stimuli for “no-go” press button

RESPONSE INHIBITION
-make errors, also RT after an error increases

Question 4

Task switching explanation

Answer 4

• ask to switch tasks

- participants slower immediately after switch

Question 5

what guides our actions

Answer 5

top-down (goal-driven)

bottom-up (stimulus-driven)

Question 6

Dysexecutive/ frontal lobe syndrome

Answer 6

prefrontal cortex

symptoms:

• perseveration
• distractibility
• utilisation behaviour
• other personality/behaviour

Question 7

clinical tests of executive functions + result

Answer 7

Tower of London Task - planning to move beads = fail,

activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Multiple Errands test - shopping tasks on high street = fail

Wisconsin Card Sorting test - sort according to rules that can change unexpectedly, fail to change rule

activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Stroop test = difficulty inhibiting

activation in frontal areas like anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex

Question 8

What is the updated box model

Answer 8

Combines Baddeley and Hitch (1974) // Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)