Hip, Joint, Popliteal Fossa, Leg & Knee Joint

Question 1

Ligaments of hip joint?

Answer 1

Iliofemoral ligament

Pubofemoral ligament

Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 2

Dislocations of the knee typically occur in what direction?

Answer 2

Posteriorly

Hip joint is stronger anteriorly

Question 3

Iliofemoral ligament attachments?

Answer 3

AIIS

Intertrochanteric line

Question 4

Pubofemoral ligament attachments?

Answer 4

Obturator crest

Ischiofemoral ligament (after wrapping around neck of femur)

Question 5

The _____ is the posterior ligament of the hip joint

Answer 5

Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 6

In children, the _____ is the only artery supplying the proximal part of the of the head of the femur between epiphyseal plates.

Answer 6

Acetabular branch of obturator artery

Question 7

Two main arteries supplying the hip joint?

Answer 7

Lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries

Question 8

The medial femoral circumflex artery runs between which two muscles?

Answer 8

The pectineus and iliopsoas mm.

Question 9

The lateral femoral circumflex artery runs between which two muscles?

Answer 9

Rectus femoris and iliopsoas mm.

Question 10

The _____ are branches of the lateral & medial circumflex femoral aa. that supply the head of the femur

Answer 10

Retinacular aa.

Question 11

The retinacular arteries are destroyed in what specific injury? What pathology results from the destruction of those arteries?

Answer 11

Subcapital fracture

Osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis)

Question 12

Four nerves supplying the hip joint?

Answer 12

Femoral n. (L2, L3, L4)

Obturator n. (L2, L3, L4)

N. to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)

Superior gluteal n. (L4, L5, S1)

Question 13

Posterior dislocation of the hip should alert you to damage of what nerve?

Answer 13

Sciatic nerve

Question 14

The sciatic nerve contains what spinal cord segments?

Answer 14

L4-S3

Question 15

The sciatic nerve bifurcates into what as it approaches the upper part of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 15

Tibial and common fibular nn.

Question 16

The common fibular nerve divides into what two nerves?

Answer 16

Superficial and deep fibular nerves

Question 17

The superficial fibular n. supplies the _____ compartment of the leg, while the deep fibular nerve supplies the _____ compartment of the leg

Answer 17

Superficial fibular > Lateral compartment

Deep fibular > Anterior compartment

Question 18

The tibial n. branches at the sole of the foot into what two nerves?

Answer 18

Medial & Lateral plantar nn

Question 19

The communicating branches of the common fibular n. and tibial n. forms the _____

Answer 19

Sural n.

Question 20

Boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 20

Biceps femoris tendon (superolateral)

Semimembranosus & semitendinosus mm. (superomedial)

Lateral & medial heads of gastrocnemius m. (inferomedial/inferolateral)

Question 21

Nerves in the popliteal fossa?

Answer 21

Common fibular n. (branches)

Tibial n. (branches)

Sural n.

Question 22

The femoral artery emerges as the _____ once it exits the adductor hiatus.

Answer 22

Popliteal artery

Question 23

What are the names of the genicular arteries? What are they branches of?

Answer 23

Superior lateral genicular

Superior medial genicular

Inferior lateral genicular

Inferior medial genicular

Middle genicular

Branches of popliteal artery

Question 24

Major structures of popliteal fossa anterior to psoterior?

Answer 24

Tibial & Common fibular nn.

Popliteal v.

Popliteal a.

Question 25

The popliteal artery divides distal to the knee joint into what two arteries?

Answer 25

Anterior tibial a. Posterior tibial a.

Question 26

The posterior and anterior tibial aa. are found on their respective sides of what structure?

Answer 26

Interosseous membrane

Question 27

The deep fascia of the leg is known as _____

Answer 27

Crural fascia

Question 28

Innervation and blood supply of anterior compartment of leg?

Answer 28

Deep fibular n. Anterior tibial vessels

Question 29

Innervation and blood supply of lateral compartment of leg?

Answer 29

Superficial fibular n. Fibular a. branches

Question 30

Innervation and blood supply of posterior compartment of leg?

Answer 30

Tibial n. Posterior tibial a.

Question 31

Muscles of anterior compartment of leg?

Answer 31

Tibialis anterios Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis tertius Extensor hallucis longus

Question 32

Tibialis anterior action?

Answer 32

Inversion Dorsiflexion

Question 33

Fibularis tertius action?

Answer 33

Eversion

Question 34

Muscles of lateral compartment of leg?

Answer 34

Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis

Question 35

Fibularis longus & brevis actions?

Answer 35

Weak plantar flexion and eversion

Question 36

Which nerve is sensory to a small triangle of skin between the 1st and 2nd digits of the foot?

Answer 36

Deep fibular n.

Question 37

Which nerve is sensory to most of the skin on the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 37

Superficial fibular n.

Question 38

Muscles of posterior compartment of leg?

Answer 38

Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Popliteus Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior

Question 39

Actions of tibialis posterior m.?

Answer 39

Inversion Plantarflexion

Question 40

Which muscle pulls on the lateral epicondyle of the femur to unlock the knee after it has been extended?

Answer 40

Popliteus m.

Question 41

Structures going around the medial malleolus of tibia anterior to posterior?

Answer 41

Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry! Tibialis posterior m. Flexor digitorum longus m. Posterior tibial a. and v. Tibial n. Flexor hallucis longus m.

Question 42

Three muscles that form the achilles tendon?

Answer 42

Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris

Question 43

In order to stop inversion of the foot, the nerve supply to which two muscles must be cut?

Answer 43

Tibilis anterior AND posterior

Question 44

The flexor hallucis longus tendon runs inferiorly to which bony structure?

Answer 44

Sustentaculum tali

Question 45

Three articulations of knee joint?

Answer 45

Two femorotibial articulations (b/w condyles of femur, medial and lateral tibial plateaus) One femoropatellar articulation Knee joint does NOT involve fibula

Question 46

The MCL attaches to what fibrocartilaginous structure? What is the clinical implication of this attachment?

Answer 46

Medial meniscus Tearing of MCL usually results in tear of medial meniscus

Question 47

Which ligament arises from the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle and attaches to the anterior intercondylar area of tibia?

Answer 47

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Question 48

What abnormal movements does the ACL prevent?

Answer 48

Anterior displacement of tibia Hyperextension

Question 49

What ligamet arises from the lateral side of the medial femoral condyle and attaches to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia?

Answer 49

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Question 50

What abnormal movements does the PCL prevent?

Answer 50

Posterior displacement of tibia Hyperflexion

Question 51

Which nerve innervates the anterior knee?

Answer 51

Femoral n. (L2-L4)

Question 52

Which nerve innervates the posterior knee?

Answer 52

Tibial n. (L4-S2) from sciatic n.

Question 53

Which nerve innervates the medial knee?

Answer 53

Obturator n. (L2-L4)

Question 54

Which nerve innervates the lateral knee?

Answer 54

Common fibular n. (L4-S2)

Question 55

Four bursae of knee?

Answer 55

Prepatellar bursa Superficial (Subcutaneous) Bursa & Deep infrapatellar bursae Suprapatellar bursa

Question 56

Which bursae communicates with the rest of the knee joint? What is the clinical significance of this?

Answer 56

Suprapatellar bursa Allows for extraction of cells without disrupting the knee joint itself. Spread of inflammation.