Neck Lecture Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
Superior Cervical Ganglion Vertebral Level?
A
C2
2
Q
Hyoid Bone Vertebral Level?
A
C3
3
Q
Vertebral Level of Common Carotid Artery Bifurcation ?
A
C4
4
Q
Vertebral Level of Superior Border of Thyroid Cartilage?
A
C4
5
Q
Vertebral Level of Rest of Thyroid Cartilage (Under Superior Border)?
A
C5
6
Q
Vertebral artery enters the transverse foramen of _____
A
C6
7
Q
Cricoid Cartilage Vertebral Level?
A
C6
8
Q
Middle Cervical Ganglion Vertebral Level?
A
C6
9
Q
The Larynx Becomes the Trachea at Which Vertebral Level?
A
C6
10
Q
The Pharynx Becomes the Esophagus at Which Vertebral Level?
A
C6
11
Q
Inferior Cervical (Stellate) Ganglion Vertebral Level?
A
C7
12
Q
The investing fascia surrounds everything but the _____ in the subcutaneous fat
A
Platysma Muscle
13
Q
The investing fascia is so named because it invests which two muscles?
A
Sternocleidomastoid & Trapezius Muscles
14
Q
The prevertebral fascia contains which muscles?
A
All deep muscles associated with the articulation of the vertebrae (Scalenes, longus colli m., etc.)
15
Q
The prevertebral fascia attaches to the _____
A
Ligamentum Nuchae
16
Q
The axillary sheath, which invests the brachial plexus, is a continuation of the _____
A
Prevertebral Fascia
17
Q
The pretracheal fascia surrounds the _____, the _____, and the _____
A
The thyroid gland, the trachea, and the esophagus
18
Q
Fascia covering the _____ aspect of the trachea is the pretracheal fascia, while the fascia covering the posterior aspect of the trachea _____ depending on the vertebral level.
A
Fascia covering the ANTERIOR aspect of the trachea is the pretracheal fascia, while the fascia covering the posterior aspect of the trachea CHANGES NAMES depending on the vertebral level (visceral/buccopharyngeal fascia)
(That’s so fucking stupid.)
19
Q
Below C6, the _____ fascia covers the esophagus posteriorly to the trachea.
A
Visceral Fascia
20
Q
Above C6, the _____ fascia covers the pharynx. It extends to the cheeks.
A
Buccopharyngeal Fascia
21
Q
The _____ is formed by contributions from three surrounding fascia layers (investing, prevertebral, pretracheal)
A
Carotid Sheath
22
Q
Medially, the _____ is found in the carotid sheath
A
Common Carotid Artery (does not bifurcate until C4)
23
Q
Laterally, the _____ is found in the carotid sheath
A
Internal Jugular Vein
24
Q
Posteriorly, the _____ is found in the carotid sheath
A
Vagus Nerve (X)
25
Superior Attachment of Anterior Scalene
Transverse Processes of C3-C6
26
Inferior Attachment of Anterior Scalene
1st Rib
27
Innervation of Anterior Scalene
Ventral Rami of Cervical Spinal Nerves
28
Anterior Scalene Action
Flex Neck
29
Middle Scalene Superior Attachment
Posterior Tubercle of Transverse Processes of C2-C7
30
Middle Scalene Inferior Attachment
1st rib
Posterior to the groove for the subclavian artery
31
Middle Scalene Innervation
Ventral Rami of Cervical Spinal Nerves
32
Middle Scalene Action
Flex Neck
33
Posterior Scalene Superior Attachment
Posterior Tubercles of Transverse Processes of C5-C7
34
Posterior Scalene Inferior Attachment
2nd Rib
35
Posterior Scalene Innervation
Ventral Rami of Cervical Spinal Nerves
36
Posterior Scalene Action
Flex Neck
37
Deep Muscles of the Neck?
Longus colli, Longus capitis, Rectus capitis lateralis, Rectus capitis anterior mm.
38
Longus Colli Superior Attachments
Anterior Tubercle of C1
Bodies of C1-C3
Transverse Processes of C3-C6
39
Longus Colli Inferior Attachments
Bodies of C5-T3
Transverse Processes of C3-C5
40
Longus Colli Innervation
Ventral Rami of C2-C6 Spinal Nerves
41
Longus Colli Action
Flex Neck
42
Longus Capitis Superior Attachment
Basilar Part of Occipital Bone
43
Longus Capitis Inferior Attachment
Anterior Tubercles of C3-C6 Transverse Processes
44
Longus Capitis Innervation
Ventral Rami of C1-C3
45
Rectus Capitis Lateralis Superior Attachment
Jugular Process of Occipital Bone
46
Rectus Capitis Lateralis Inferior Attachment
Transverse Process of Atlas
47
Rectus Capitis Lateralis Action
Flexor and Stabilizer of Head
48
Rectus Capitis Lateralis Innervation
Branches from loop between C1 & C2 (Ansa Cervicalis?)
49
Rectus Capitis Anterior Superior Attachment
Base of cranium, anterior to occipital conyles
50
Rectus Capitis Anterior Inferior Attachment
Anterior surface of lateral mass of atlas
51
Rectus Capitis Anterior Innervation
Branches from loop between C1 & C2 (Ansa Cervicalis)
52
Rectus Capitis Anterior Action
Flexion of the Head
53
The retropharyngeal space allows communication from the head & neck to the _____
Posterior Mediastinum
This communication allows for the spread of infection. No bueno.
54
Above C6, the retropharyngeal space is between the _____ and the _____
Buccopharyngeal Fascia & Prevertebral Fascia
55
Below C6, the retropharyngeal space is between the _____ and the _____
Visceral Fascia & Prevertebral Fascia
56
The lateral pharyngeal space sits between the _____ (with tonsils) and the _____
Pharyngeal Wall & Parotid Gland
57
The _____ is found within the lateral pharyngeal space
Carotid Sheath
Its contents (CCA, IJV, CN X) should be considered in infection of the lateral pharyngeal space
58
The _____ includes the sublingual and submaxillary spaces
Submandibular Space
59
Borders of the Posterior Triangle (Lateral Cervical Region)?
Posterior Portion of Sternocleidomastiod
Anterior Border of Trapezius
Middle Third of Clavicle
60
The Posterior Triangle is further divided into the _____ and the _____ by the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle
Occipital Triangle & Omoclavicular Triangle
61
Contents of Occipital Triangle?
Occipital artery and CN XI (Spinal Accessory Nerve)
62
Contents of Omoclavicular Triangle?
Subclavian artery, deep to external jugular vein
63
The cervical plexus is composed of _____, and has _____ branches
Ventral Rami of C1-C4
Motor AND Sensory Branches
64
The _____ is sensory to the neck and the scalp (posterosuperior to the ear).
Lesser Occipital Nerve
65
The lesser occipital n. is a branch of _____
Ventral Ramus of C2
66
The lesser occipital n. runs posterior to the _____ muscle, to the _____, then to the scalp.
Posterior to SCM > Mastoid Process > Scalp
67
The great auricular n. is sensory to the _____ and _____. It is also sensory to the skin and sheath of the _____ and a piece of skin over the _____.
Inferior aspect of the auricle (ear)
Angle of mandible
Parotid gland
Ear
68
The great auricular nerve runs with the _____ as it crosses the SCM
External jugular vein
69
The great auricular nerve receives branches from _____ and _____
C2 & C3
70
The _____ is sensory to the skin covering the anterior cervical region
Transverse cervical nerve
71
The transverse cervical nerve runs deep to the _____, and transversely across the neck.
Platysma muscle
72
The transverse cervical nerve receives branches from _____ and _____
C2 & C3
73
The supraclavicular nerves are sensory to the _____ and the _____
Skin crossing the clavicle and the skin of the deltoid region of the shoulders
74
Three divisions of the supraclavicular nerve?
Medial, Intermediate & Lateral
75
The supraclavicular nerve receives branches from _____ and _____
C3 & C4
76
The _____ is both motor and sensory to the diaphragm
Phrenic nerve
77
The _____ can cause referred pain to the shoulder region via the supraclavicular n. since both receive branches from _____ & _____
Phrenic nerve
C3 & C4
78
The ansa cervicalis has a superior loop formed by _____, and an inferior loop formed by _____
Superior - C1 (Descendens hypoglossi)
Inferior - C2 & C3 (Descendens cervicalis)
79
The ansa cervicalis muscle is purely motor. It innervates 3 of the infrahyoid muscles. Which?
1) Sternohyoid
2) Sternothyroid
3) Omohyoid (both bellies)
80
The ansa cervicalis runs on the _____ and _____
Internal jugular vein and carotid artery
81
The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) carries branches of _____ that innervate the _____ and _____ muscles
Branches of C1
Geniohyoid & Thyrohyoid (NOT INNERVATED BY CN XII, INNERVATED BY BRANCHES OF C1 THAT RUN WITH CN XII)
82
The common point of branching of C2 & C3 (origin of cutaneous nerves) is known as _____
Erb's Point
83
Borders of the Anterior Cervical Region (Anterior Triangle)?
Inferior Border of Mandible
Anterior Border of SCM
Midline of neck
84
Sternohyoid Superior Attachment
Inferior body of hyoid
85
Sternohyoid Inferior Attachment
Manubrium of sternum
Medial end of clavicle
86
Sternohyoid Innervation
Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)
87
Sternothyroid Superior Attachment
Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
88
Sternothyroid Inferior Attachment
Posterior surface of manubrium of sternum
89
Sternothyroid Innervation
Ansa Cervicalis (C2-C3)
90
Thyrohyoid Superior Attachment
Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
91
Thyrohyoid Inferior Attachment
Body of hyoid
92
Thyrohyoid Innervation
C1 VIA THE HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN XI)
93
Strap Muscle Action
Lower entire apparatus (swallowing)
94
What exits the Jugular Foramen?
Internal Jugular Vein
Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
Vagus n. (CN X)
Spinal Accessory n. (CN XI)
95
The tympanic branch of _____ enters the tympanix plexus then becomes the _____
Glossopharyngeal n. (CN XI)
Lesser Petrosal n.
96
The lesser petrosal n. synapses in the _____, then sends _____ via the _____ to the _____
The lesser petrosal n. synapses in the OTIC GANGLION, then sends POSTGANGLIONIC PARASYMPATHETICS via the AURICULOTEMPORAL N. to the PAROTID GLAND
97
The _____ of the glossopharyngeal n. supplies _____ to the carotid sinus and carotid body
The CAROTID BRANCH. of the glossopharyngeal n. supplies GVA INNERVATION to the carotid sinus and carotid body
98
The _____ is a dilation of the proximal part of the internal carotid artery once it branches from the common carotid.
Carotid Sinus
99
The carotid sinus receives _____ from CN IX.
GVA Sensation
100
The carotid sinus contains _____ that detect changes of blood pressure.
Baroreceptors
101
The _____ is a small epithelioid body in the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. It receives GVA sensation from _____.
Carotid Body
GVA sensation from CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
102
The carotid body has _____ to detect hypoxia (-oxygen) and hypercapnia (+CO2)
Chemoreceptors
103
The _____ is the first branch of the Vagus n. (X). It runs anterior to the _____ and posterior to the _____.
Pharyngeal branch.
Anterior to the ICA, Posterior to the ECA
104
The _____ is the second branch of the Vagus n. (X). It runs posterior to the _____.
Superior laryngeal n.
Internal Carotid Artery
105
The superior laryngeal nerve branches to form the _____ and the _____
Internal Branch (Sensory)
External Branch (Motor)
106
The internal branch of the superior laryngeal n. provides sensory innervation to the _____
Mucosa in the larynx above the vocal cords
107
The external branch of the superior laryngeal n provides motor innervation to the _____ and the _____
Cricothyroid muscle and cricopharyngeus m. of esophagus
108
The third branch of the vagus nerve is the _____
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
109
The right recurrent laryngeal n. curves around the _____
The left recurrent laryngeal n. curves around the _____ posterior to the _____
Right > Right Subclavian Artery
Left > Arch of the aorta, posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum
110
The hypoglossal n. (CN XII) exits the skull via the _____, near the neck of the occipital condyle
Hypoglossal Canal
111
The hypoglossal n. (CN XII) descends posterior to the _____
Intermediate tendon of the digastric m.
112
What structures would you find behind the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
Hint: There are seven structures
1) Internal Carotid Artery
2) External Carotid Artery
3) Internal Jugular Vein
4) Facial Artery
5) CN X
6) CN XI
7) CN XII
113
The Spinal Accessory nerve innervates which two muscles?
SCM and Trapezius
114
The superior cervical ganglion contains _____ cell bodies
Postganglionic Sympathetic
115
List the five structures associated with the superior cervical ganglion
1) Internal Carotid Plexus
2) External Carotid Plexus
3) Gray rami communicans (C1-C4)
4) Pharyngeal plexus branches
5) Superior cervical cardiac n.
116
List the three structures associated with the middle cervical ganglion
1) Gray Rami Communicans (C5-C6)
2) Branches to the thyroid
3) Middle cervical cardiac n.
117
List the two structures associated with the inferior cervical ganglion
1) Gray Rami Communicans (C7-C8)
| 2) Inferior cervical cardiac n.
118
Four branches of the subclavian artery?
1) Vertebral artery
2) Internal thoracic artery
3) Thyrocervical trunk
4) Costocervical trunk
119
Five branches of the thyrocervical trunk?
1) Suprascapular artery
2) Transverse cervical artery
3) Inferior thyroid artery
4) Ascending cervical artery
5) Dorsal scapular artery
120
The _____ passes over the transverse scapular ligament. Supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
Suprascapular artery
121
The _____ a. supplies the trapezius and rhomboid muscles
Transverse cervical artery
122
The _____ artery goes from the thyrocervical trunk to the thyroid and parathyroid glands
Inferior thyroid artery
123
The _____ goes upward from the thyrocervical trunk to supply the deep muscles of the neck.
Ascending cervical artery
124
Two branches of the costocervical trunk?
1) Deep cervical artery
| 2) Supreme intercostal artery
125
The supreme intercostal artery supplies _____
1st & 2nd posterior intercostal spaces
126
Branch of Medial Division of External Carotid Artery?
Ascending Pharyngeal a.
127
Branches of Posterior Division of External Carotid Artery?
Occipital a.
Posterior Auricular a.
128
Branches of Anterior Division of External Carotid Artery?
Superior Thyroid a. (has Superior laryngeal a. branch)
Lingual a.
Facial a.
129
The great auricular nerve runs posterior to the _____
External jugular vein
130
The lesser occipital n. generally follows the anterior border of the _____
Trapezius m.
131
The phrenic nerve runs on the anterior surface of the _____. Next to it is the _____.
Anterior Scalene
Ascending Cervical Artery
