Histo Female Repro Flashcards by Paige Johnson

Major function of the ovaries

Produce oocytes and sex hormones

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Paired tubes that open with one end into the peritoneal cavity next to the ovary and on the other extremity they open into the uterus

Uterine tubes

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Components of the female external genitalia

mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule

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Production of female gametes

Oogenesis

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Production of steriods

Steriodogenesis

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Layers of the ovary

germinal epithelium, tunica albuginea, cortex, medulla

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Cells of the germinal epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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What separates the germinal epithelium and cortex?

Tunica albuginea

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When are interstitial glands most prominent in humans?

1st year of life

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2 parts of the ovarian cortex

Ovarian follicles and interstitial glands

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Composed of luteal cells and produce hormones

Interstitial glands

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What is contained in the ovarian medulla?

Rich vascular bed and nerves in loose connective tissue

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When do oocytes enter the 1st division of the meiosis?

By the 5th month of gestation

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What stage does the oocyte stay in until ovulation?

Primary oocyte is arrested in prophase I

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3 types of ovarian follicles

Primordial, growing, and marture (Graafian)

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Earliest stage in follicular development

Primordial follicles: consist of oocyte surrounded by a single layer of squamous follicular cells

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Appearance of oocyte

Large round euchromatic nucleus with 1 or more nuclei. Cytoplasm contains numerous organelles

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Stimulates the primordial follicles to develop into growing follicles

FSH

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Divisions of growing follicles

Primary and secondary follicles

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Appearance of primary follicle

Follucular cells enlarge to cuboidal/columnar and microvilla project into the zona pellucida

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Difference between primary and secondary follicles

Primary has 1 layer of follicular cells

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The “shell” of cross-linked proteins that surrounds the oocyte and separates it from the follicular cells

Zona Pellucida

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What do the follicular cells turn into?

Granulosa cells, that become the stratum granulosum

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Located beneath the plasma membrane of an oocyte

Cortical granules

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Connective tissue around the late primary follicle forms a sheath around the follicle to become what?

Theca folliculi

Fluid-filled cavity that appears in the granulosa layer

Antrum

Fills the antrum

Liquor folliculi

Defines the secondary follicle stage

Presence of the antrum

Differentiation of the theca folliculi

Theca: interna and externa

Characteristics of the theca interna

Steriod-secreting cells with LH receptors that secrete androgens when stimulated

What happens to the androgens after released by theca interna cells?

Diffuse thru the basement membrane and aromatase converts it into estrogen within the granulosa cells

Estrogen's role in follicular cells

Promotes follicular growth

Describe the layers of the theca

Interna: highly vascularized, Externa: layers of connective tissue with bundles of collagen fibers and fibroblasts

Characteristic of mature follicles

Larger follicle, very large antrum

Granulosa between the antrum and theca folliculi

Membrana granulosa

Thickened mound of granulosa cells

Cumulus oophorus (oocytes embeded here)

Single-cell-layer of granulosa cells that surrounds the oocyte

Corona radiata

Form the gap junctions with the oocyte and corona radiata

Microvilla of both structures

What is deposited b/t the cumulus oophorus-oocyte compled and the membrane granulosa under hormonal regulation?

Glucosaminoglycans

24 hours before ovulation

Surge of FSH and LH released

Triggered by hormonal surge

Primary oocyte completes the 1st meiotic division and enters meiosis II, and gets arrested in metaphase II

When does the oocyte complete meiosis II?

If penetrated by spermatozoon

Process during which the oocyte is released from the Graafian follicle

Ovulation

Small area of overian surface above the mature follicle

Macula pellucida (aka stigma)

Bleeding of cappilaries of the follicle causes the formation of what?

Corpus hemorrhagicum

What do the granulosa and theca interna form?

Corpus luteum: acts as a powerful endocrine gland

2 main types of luteal cells

Granulosa lutein cells, theca lutein cells

Cells derived from granulosa cells that produce progesterone and convert androgens into estrogens

Granulosa cells

Cells derived from the theca interna cells that mainly produce progesterone and androgens

Theca Lutein Cells

Purpose of the corpus luteum

hormones secreted stimulate growth and secretory activity of the uterine endometrium in prep for implantation of the zygote in case feterilization takes place

What maintains the corpus luteum?

HCG

White scar the replaces the corpus luteum

Corpus albicans

Degeneration and disappearance of ovarian follicles

Ovarian Follicular atresia

A benign tumor that sometimes contains a bizarre composistion of tissues within it

Cystic teratoma

Regions of the uterine tube

Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, intramural part

Funnel-like part of the tube that opens into the peritoneal cavity near the ovary

Infundibulum

Finger-like projections of the infundibulum

Fimbriae

Longest portion of the uterine tube, site of fertilization

Ampulla

Narrow segment of the uterine tube adjacent to the uterus

Isthmus

Part of the uterine tube that lies within the uterine wall and opens into the lumen of the uterus

Intramural part

Layers of the uterine tube

Mucosa, muscularis, serosa

Part of the mucosa of the uterine tubes that is best expressed at the ampulla

Deep longitudinal Folds

Epithelium of the uterine tube

Ciliated simple columnar

Types of cells of the uterine tube

Ciliated cells and peg cells

Most numerous cells in the uterine tube, that direct the ovum towards the uterus

Ciliated cells

Secretory cells that produce fluid that provides nutritive material for the ovum

Peg cells (non-ciliated)

Composed of smooth muscle and organized into inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer. Helps to move the ovum along the tube by peristaltic contractions

Muscularis

Thin layer of connective tissue covered with a mesothelial lining

Serosa

Layers of the uterus

Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

Layers of the endometrium

Stratum: basale and functionale

Highly cellular loose connective tissue that has a high number of actively dividing cells in the endometrium

Endometrial stroma

Type of glands in the endometrium epithelium

Unbranched tubular glands (simple columnar)

Branches of the uterine radial arteries that continue up towards the luminal surface and supply the stratum, become highly coiled

Spiral Arteries

Dillated portion of uterine capillaries

Lacunae

Controls the cyclic changes of the endometrium during the mentrual cycle

Gonadotropins secreted by the pars distalis of the pituitary

3 phases of the menstrual cycle

Proliferative, Secretory, Menstrual

Phase that is influenced by the secretion of estrogen

Proliferative phase (concurrent with follicular maturation)

Phase that is influenced by the secretion of progesterone

Secretory phase (concurrent with active corpus luteum)

How is the secretory phase characterized?

Activation of the uterine glands that enlarge and become corkscrew-shaped

Phase that results from a decline in the production of progesterone and estrogen

Mentrual phase

Common, painful condition when clusters of endometrial cells settle outside of the uterus

Endometriosis

Thickest layer of the uterine wall

Myometrium

Middle layer of the myometrium that contains a large number of larger blood and lymphatic vessels

Stratum vasculare

Most frequently diagnosed gynecologic tumor, benign tumor of the myometrium

Leiomyoma

Malignant tumor of the myo or endometrium

Leiomyosarcoma

Outer layer of the uterus

Perimetrium

Cells of the endocervix

Simple columnar

Cells of the ectocervix

Stratified squamous

Border between endocervix and ectocervix

Transition zone

Common area for cervical cancer

Transitional zone

Layers of the vagina

Mucosa, muscularis, adventitia

Tranverse folds of the vagina mucosa

Rugae

Epithelium of the vaginal mucosa

Non-keratinized stratified squamous

Forms the vaginal lamina propria

Loose connective tissue

Histo Female Repro Flashcards

(94 cards)