Lymph

Question 1

Effector cells of the lymphatic system

Answer 1

Lymphocytes

Question 2

Provides physical support for lymphocytes

Answer 2

Supporting cells: stromal cells, monocytes/macrpphages, polymorphomuclear leukocytes, dendritic cells

Question 3

Supporting cells that form a loose meshwork that creates a suitable environmetn for lymphocytes

Answer 3

Stromal cells

Question 4

Supporting cells that assist with antigen presentation and regulation of immune response

Answer 4

Monocytes/macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and dendritic cells

Question 5

Non-specific type of immunity that does not require exposure to an antigen

Answer 5

Innate immunity

Question 6

Represents innate immunity

Answer 6

Physical or chemical barriers, phagocytic and natural killer cells

Question 7

Specific type of immunity and develops after the exposure to an entigen

Answer 7

Adaptive immunity

Question 8

2 types of adaptive immune responses

Answer 8

Humoral and cell-mediated

Question 9

Mediated by antibodies that act on invading agents. Produced by B cells and plasma cells

Answer 9

Humoral immunity

Question 10

Mediated by Tc Cells, NK cells, monocytes/macrophages, PNMs

Answer 10

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 11

Primary lymphatic organ

Answer 11

Bone marrow and Thymus

Question 12

Type of tissue in bone marrow

Answer 12

Reticular connective tissue

Question 13

Contents of cords of cells

Answer 13

Blood cell precursors, mature blood cells, adipocytes, stromal cells

Question 14

General structure of bone marrow

Answer 14

Hemopoietic cords supported by reticular fibers

Question 15

Types of stromal cells

Answer 15

Fibroblasts and macrophages

Question 16

What does the thymus develop from?

Answer 16

3rd and 4th branchial pharyngeal pouch

Question 17

Most abundant cell of the thymus

Answer 17

T cell

Question 18

Supports lymphcytes that provides a framework for the developing t cells

Answer 18

Epithelioreticular cells

Question 19

Structure of epithelioreticular cells

Answer 19

True epithelial cells, connected by occuding junctions and desmosomes forming a sytoreticulum, but do not decrete reticular fibers

Question 20

Phagocytose the T cells that do not fulfill thymus education requirements

Answer 20

Macrophages

Question 21

Connective tissue extends into the parenchyma as thin struts form what?

Answer 21

Trabeculae

Question 22

Characterizes the cortex of the thymus

Answer 22

Densely packed lymphocytes that are the least differentiated

Question 23

Characterizes the medulla of the thymus

Answer 23

Lighter-staining, have Hassal’s corpuscles that contain a keratin pearl

Question 24

Prevents antigens from escaping cortical capillaries into the thymus cortex

Answer 24

Blood-thymus barrier

Question 25

3 mechanisms that make up the blood-thymus barrier

Answer 25

Continuous capillaries (tight junctions), perivascular connective tissue (contains macrophages), Epithelioreticular cells (form occluding junctions around the capillaries)

Question 26

3 stages od T cell education

Answer 26

Double-negative stages, Double-positive stage, single positive selection

Question 27

Stage that occurs in the thymuc cortex, T cells have no CD4 or CD8, and only have CD2 and CD7 on surface

Answer 27

Double-negative stage

Question 28

Stage that occurs in the thymic cortex, T cells express TCR, CD3, CD4 and CD8. T cells are presented with both self-MHC and self/foreign antigens and must recognize both

Answer 28

Double-positive stage

Question 29

Stage in thymic medulla where the double-positive cells recognize self-antigen presented by self-MHC are eliminated

Answer 29

Single-positive stage

Question 30

Secondary lymphatic organs

Answer 30

MALT, GALT, BALT

Question 31

Lymph tissue that does not have a capsule and consists of loosely arranged immune cells

Answer 31

Diffuse lymphoid tissue

Question 32

Spherical structures scattered throughout the lamina propria of the GI tract

Answer 32

Lymphoid follicles (composed mostly of B Cells)

Question 33

Express receptors for soluble immunoglobins

Answer 33

Follicular dendritic cells

Question 34

Dividing of lymphocytes are what type of follicles?

Answer 34

Secondary

Question 35

Portion of the primary follicle that contains large, activated immature lymphocytes that are undergoing mitoses

Answer 35

Germinal center

Question 36

Portion of primary follicle that contains small lymphocytes that arround the germinal center

Answer 36

Mantle

Question 37

secondary lymph found in the ileum and appendix

Answer 37

Aggregated lymphoid follicles

Question 38

Lymph in the lamina propria of the ileum

Answer 38

Peyer's patches

Question 39

Ring of lymph tissue at the entrance of the oropharynx

Answer 39

Tonsils

Question 40

3 types of tonsils

Answer 40

Palatine, pharyngeal, smaller tonsils (lingual and tubal)

Question 41

Type of tissue covering the palatine tonsils and what is forms

Answer 41

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that forms tonsillar crypts

Question 42

Where are B and T cells stored in the tonsillar crypts?

Answer 42

Lymphoid follicles (B cells) and spaces between the follicles (T cells)

Question 43

How do the lymphocytes exit the palatine tonsil?

Answer 43

High-endothelial venules

Question 44

Located beneath the capsule of the lymph node

Answer 44

Subcapsular sinus

Question 45

Projections from the lymph node capsule into the parenchyma

Answer 45

Trabeculae (with trabecular sinuses within them)

Question 46

What cells are contained in the outer cortex of the lymph node?

Answer 46

B cells

Question 47

What cells are contained in the paracortex of the lymph node?

Answer 47

T cells

Question 48

Portion of the lymph node medulla that contains lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, dendritic cells

Answer 48

Medullary cords

Question 49

Recieves lymph from the trabecular sinuses and converage near the hilum where they drain into the efferent lymphatic vessel

Answer 49

Medullary sinuses

Question 50

Allows for filtration of lymph and connects the lymphatic channels

Answer 50

Sinuses

Question 51

Contained in the lymph sinuses

Answer 51

Meshwork of crisscrossing reticular fibers and macrophage processes

Question 52

Drains into the efferent lymphatic vessel

Answer 52

Medullary sinuses

Question 53

Name of the postcapillary venules in lymph nodes and what are they lined with?

Answer 53

High endothelial venules are lined with cuboidal epithelium

Question 54

Expressed in high concentration in the HEVs

Answer 54

Water channels

Question 55

What do the specialized endothelial cells of HEVs have?

Answer 55

Receptors that signal both T and B cells to leave circulation and migrate into the lymph node

Question 56

Function of the lymph node

Answer 56

Phagocytosis and initiation of immune reponses

Question 57

Where are HEV's usually found?

Answer 57

T cell region

Question 58

Purpose of the spleen?

Answer 58

Filters blood and reacts immunologically to blood-borne antigens

Question 59

Contents of spleen capsule

Answer 59

Regular fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, so spleen can be contracted

Question 60

Contents of the spleen pulp

Answer 60

White and red pulp

Question 61

2 major components of white pulp

Answer 61

Periarterial lymphatic sheath (mainly T cells) and Lymphoid follicles (B cells)

Question 62

Contents of red pulp

Answer 62

RBCs and splenic sinuses/cords

Question 63

Characteristic of splenic cords

Answer 63

Dense meshwork of reticular fibers, large number of RBCs, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and granulocytes. Splenic macrophages phagocytose damaged RBCs here

Question 64

Receives blood that has been filtered thru the cords

Answer 64

Splenic sinuses

Question 65

Brings blood to the spleen then breaks into trabecular arteries

Answer 65

Splenic artery

Question 66

What artery is surrounded by PALS?

Answer 66

Central Artery

Question 67

Short straight vessels in the red pulp

Answer 67

Penicillar arterioles

Question 68

Arteries surrounded by a sheath of macrophages

Answer 68

Sheathed capillaries

Question 69

Type of circulation in the spleen

Answer 69

Open circulation

Question 70

Order of splenic veins

Answer 70

Splenic sinuses to pulp veins to trabecular veins to splenic veins