Histology

Question 1

Function of conchae.

Answer 1

increase respiratory surface area and aid filtration by creating eddies (circular movement) in the air stream

Question 2

Lamina propria of respiratory region of nasal cavity is attached to:

Answer 2

underlying bone

Question 3

Epithelial lining of:

1. nasopharynx
2. oropharynx

Answer 3

1. pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells

2. stratified squamous, nonkeratinized

Question 4

Epithelium over luminal surface of vocal cords:

Answer 4

stratified squamous

Question 5

Thick ______ is characteristic of tracheal epithelium

Answer 5

basement membrane

Question 6

How does structural wall change when bronchi become intrapulmonary?

Answer 6

1. muscularis mucosa appears

2. cartilage now present

Question 7

What is the function of Clara cells? (where?)

Answer 7

interspersed cells within non-PSCCE that secrete surface active agent (Clara cell protein) into bronchioles

Question 8

What type of epithelium is present in bronchioles?

Answer 8

mostly pseudostratified ciliated columnar

small amount of simple columnar or cuboidal (have cilia; no goblet cells)

Question 9

Well developed in bronchioles

Answer 9

muscularis

major regulator or airway resistance

Question 10

Connective tissue lining with or without mesothelial lining

Answer 10

serosa or adventitia

Question 11

CT that is often looser than lamina propria; surrounded by muscularis externa

Answer 11

submucosa

Question 12

3 layers of mucosa

interior to exterior

Answer 12

epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosa

Question 13

Intrapulmonary portion of pulmonary tree (7)

Answer 13

1. secondary bronchi
2. tertiary bronchi
3. bronchioles
4. Terminal bronchioles
5. respiratory bronchioles
6. alveolar ducts
7. alveoli

Question 14

Lamina propria within mucosa of respiratory region contains: (3)

Answer 14

1. rich vascular network
2. seromucous glands
3. lymphocytes and other immune cells

Question 15

Epithelial lining of larynx

Answer 15

pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells and stratified squamous

Question 16

4 layers of trachea

Answer 16

1. mucosa
2. submucosa
3. hyaline cartilage
4. adventitia

Question 17

Epithelium of trachea

Answer 17

PSCC

Question 18

Epithelium of
Respiratory bronchioles?
Bronchiole + Terminal bronchioles?

Answer 18

1. ciliated cuboidal cells + clara cells proximally –> clara cells distally
2. PSCC > simple columnar/cuboidal

Question 19

Peripheral boundary of alveolar ducts

Answer 19

alveoli

ducts have almost no walls

Question 20

Alveoli sacs

Answer 20

spaces surrounded by clusters of alveoli

alveoli open into sacs

Question 21

Sites where gas exchange occurs

Answer 21

alveoli

Question 22

Epithelium of type I alveolar cells

Answer 22

squamous

Question 23

Epithelium of type II alveolar cells

Answer 23

cuboidal

Question 24

What serves as stem cells for type I alveolar cells?

Answer 24

type II alveolar cells

Question 25

Alveolar cells that secrete surfactant and proteins that participate in immune function

Answer 25

type II alveolar cells

Question 26

Most gas exchange occurs in what portion of the alveolar septum?

Answer 26

thin region

Question 27

What does the thin region of the alveolar septum consist of?

Answer 27

surfactant type I epithelium and its basal lamina an endothelial cell and its basal lamina

Question 28

This portion of the alveolar sac allows cells to intervene between the epithelium of the alveolus and the capillary.

Answer 28

thick region | note: macrophages and fibroblasts are among cells in this area

Question 29

Macrophages found in thick part of alveolar septum: | What is their function?

Answer 29

dust cells | scavenging inhaled particulate matter

Question 30

What is the function of alveolar macrophages in heart failure?

Answer 30

scavenge RBCs | "heart failure cells"

Question 31

What happens to engorged alveolar macrophages? (2 possibilities listed)

Answer 31

1. reach the throat as mucus, where they are swallowed | 2. retreat into septum and hang out there with their ingested material for years

Question 32

Macrophages may digest _____, which aren't digested and may reinfect.

Answer 32

tuberculosis

Question 33

What are alveolar pores (of Kohn)? What is their function?

Answer 33

openings in interalveolar septa that allow air to pass between the alveoli; this provides air to alveoli where nml air pathway has been obstructed by pathological conditions

Question 34

What is CC16?

Answer 34

marker for lung damage that is secreted by Clara cells