Histology

Question 1

Organizational Scheme

Levels of Organization

Answer 1

Chemical Level
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System 
Organismal Level

Question 2

Plasma Membrane

Answer 2

• the gatekeeper
• sometimes called cell membrane
• forms outer layer, limiting barrier separating the internal contents of the cell from external environment.
• responsible for what leaves and enters the cell
• all Eukaryotic cells have one.

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Located between plasma membrane & nucleus

3 components are 1. Cytosol 2. Inclusions 3. Organelles.

Question 4

3 organelles are?

Answer 4

Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body
Mitochondrion

Question 5

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 5

• Protein Maker
• located between the nucleus and cell membrane
• where proteins are made

Question 6

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth ER

Answer 6

Synthesizes lipids. Metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies drugs and alcohol

Question 7

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Rough ER

Answer 7

Synthesizes proteins for secretion, new proteins for the plasma membrane & lysosomal enzymes, transports and stores molecules

Question 8

Golgi Body/ apparatus

Answer 8

• Responsible for modifying & packaging
• Takes info from rough ER and packages so available to other cells.

Transports secretory & lysomal protein ….. Post office

Question 9

Mitochondrion

Answer 9

Able to transform food in which the cell can use ( energy )

-powerhouse =ATP

Question 10

Microvilli

Answer 10

• Increases surface area for absorption
• example.. Your intestines for digestion
• they extend from surface of the plasma membrane.
• have no power movement

Question 11

Nucleus Functions

Answer 11

1. Control Center
2. Cell reproduction
   ( responsible for cell to divide process is mitosis)
   -Core of the control center
   -shape mirrors the shape of the cell

Question 12

Nucleus Contains 3 Basic Structures

Answer 12

1. Nuclear Envelope
2. Nucleoli
3. Chromatin

Question 13

How many cells in body?

Answer 13

50-100 Trillion Cells

Question 14

How many Cell types?

Answer 14

200 Cell Types

Question 15

How many organ systems ?

Answer 15

11 organ systems

Question 16

How many tissue types?

Answer 16

4

Question 17

Name the 4 tissue types

Answer 17

1. Epithelium
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous

Question 18

4 Functions of Epithelial Tissue?

Answer 18

1. Covers surfaces= Protection
2. Sensory reception= Feeling
3. Lines internal spaces= Absorption/Filtration
4. Glandular= Secretion

Question 19

7 features or characteristics of epithelial tissue

Answer 19

1. Cellularity ( all made up of cells )
2. Polarity ( free boarder, has point of attachment
3. Basement Membrane (attached boarder)
4. Adherent (cells next to each other)
5. innervated ( nerves, no blood vessels)
6. Regenerative ( can be replaced )
7. avascularity ( lack of blood vessels)

Question 20

Nucleus?

Answer 20

• cells control center
• directs the functional & structural characteristics of the cell.
• DNA carrier of the genetic code

Question 21

Squamous Cell

Answer 21

• Are flat, wide and irregular in shape

- Nucleus looks like a flattened disc

Question 22

Cuboidal Cell

Answer 22

• Are about as tall as they are wide
• No squared edges
• nucleus located in center of the cell

Question 23

Columnar

Answer 23

• Slender and taller than they are wide

- Each cell nucleus is oval located in the basal region

Question 24

Simple Epithelium

Answer 24

1 layer

Question 25

Stratified Epithelium

Answer 25

More than 1 layer

Question 26

Simple squamous epithelium found where???

Answer 26

The heart Lining in air sacs in lungs & blood vessels

Question 27

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium found ??

Answer 27

Kidneys Thyroid glad follicles of ducts & secretary regions of glands suffice ovary.

Question 28

Goblet Cells

Answer 28

- The glands - secret mucin with water it forms mucus. - Mucin and water create mucus Wine glass

Question 29

Pseudostratified Epithelium is found where?

Answer 29

Nasal Cabby Ciliates form lines most of respiratory tract

Question 30

Transitional found where?

Answer 30

Urinary bladder & urethra

Question 31

Transitional epithelium do what?

Answer 31

- Go from thin to thick | - cells are extendable

Question 32

Three plans of section

Answer 32

Coronal--- crown Transverse---upper and lower horizontal MidSagittal---cut in half

Question 33

Name all body systems

Answer 33

1. Integumentary 2. Skeletal 3. Muscular 4. Nervous 5. Endocrine 6. Cardiovascular 7. Lymphatic 8. Respiratory 9. Digestive 10. Urinary 11. Reproductive

Question 34

Anterior

Answer 34

Front

Question 35

Posterior

Answer 35

Back

Question 36

Superior

Answer 36

Up towards head

Question 37

Inferior

Answer 37

Down towards feet

Question 38

Medial

Answer 38

Midline

Question 39

Lateral

Answer 39

Away from the midline

Question 40

Proximal

Answer 40

Closest to the point of attachment

Question 41

Distal

Answer 41

Farthest from point of attachment

Question 42

What is histology?

Answer 42

Study of tissues how groups of specialized cells and products function for a common purpose

Question 43

Epithelial tissue functions

Answer 43

Covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities Exp. external and internal lining of organs. Little extracellular matrix between cells and NO blood vessels penetrate epithelium

Question 44

Connective tissue functions

Answer 44

Protects supports and interconnects body parts and organs.

Question 45

Muscle tissue functions

Answer 45

Protects movement Facilitates move my of skeleton or organ walls

Question 46

Nervous tissue function

Answer 46

Conducts impulse for internal communication Involves neurons and glial cells

Question 47

Columnar non ciliated found where?

Answer 47

Lining of digestive tract, lining of stomach. No goblet cells

Question 48

Columnar ciliated found where?

Answer 48

Lining of uterine tubes And larger bronchioles of respiratory tract

Question 49

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 49

-Single layer of cells w varying heights -appears multilayered - all cells connect to basement membrane -not all reach apical surface Function is to protect ciliated form. Involved in secretion of mucin and movement of mucus across surface by ciliary action

Question 50

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium function?

Answer 50

Protection ciliated form, involved in secretion of mucin and movement of mucus across surface by ciliary action