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Anatomy > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

(44 cards)

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0
Q

Skin functions

A

-protection 1st line of defense against any foreign object
-sensation thermal, mechanical , pain
-thermoregulation helps regulate temp
-metabolic sunshine to vitamin d
Anti dehydration

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1
Q

General features of integument

A
  • Largest organ in body
  • Durable -reparable - elastic
  • waterproof -antibacterial but covered with bacteria
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2
Q

Skin cutaneous membrane has how many layers?

A

3 layers

Epidermis

Dermin underline

Hypodermis layer / subcutaneous layer beneath skin.

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3
Q

Skin appendages or accessory structures of integumentary system

A

Hair
Glands
Nails

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4
Q

3 regions of integument

A

Epidermis(stratified squamous epithelium

Dermis(deeper layer of dense irregular & areolar(loose) CT

Hypodermis(subcutaneous layer)

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5
Q

Epidermal cell types

A 
Keratinocytes dead inactive cells
Keratinocytes active cells. 80%
Dendritic cells 4%
Melanocytes 15%
Tactile cells 1%
Sensory nerve ending
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6
Q

Give four cell populations found in epidermis? And role

A

Keratinocytes major skin cell undergoes keratinization & sloughing 80%

Melanocytes gives skin color 15%

Dendritic - immune activity 4%

Tactile- touch sensor 1%

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7
Q

4 epidermal layers

Thin skin?

A
  1. Stratum basale ( deepest layer)
  2. Stratum spinosum ( mitosis occurs)
  3. Stratum granulosum ( keratinization w/ protein keratin)
  4. Statum corneum ( dead skin)
    * Statum lucidum only in thick skin **
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8
Q

Five strata epidermal layers of thick skin?

A
  1. Stratum basale ( deepest layer)
  2. Stratum spinosum (mitosis occurs)
  3. Stratum granulosum ( keratinization w/ protein keratin)
  4. Stratum lucidum ( protein eleidin)
  • lucidum only in think skin*
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9
Q

Thick skin found?

A

Found on soles of feet and toes
Found on palms and fingers
No hair follicles

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10
Q

Thick skin found?

A

Found everywhere else on body
Thick corneum
No lucid layer
Eyelids is thinnest in body

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11
Q

Fate of keratinocytes

7 events in the life of keratinocyte

A

Going from Bottom up

  1. Mitosis
  2. Migration
  3. Pigmentation
  4. Keratinization
  5. Cytolysis
  6. Detachment
  7. Exfoliation
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12
Q

papillary layer of dermis role?

A

Attachment
Areolar ct
Vadcularization nourishment
Sensation

Superficial region of dermis

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13
Q

What two layers make up the dermis?

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

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14
Q

Reticular layer if the dermis role is?

A
  • dense irregular ct
  • strength
  • sensation
  • hair erection
  • secretion
  • deeper portion of dermis***
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15
Q

Stratum lucidum found only in?

A

Think skin

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16
Q

Stratum Basel is the ____ layer

A

Deepest

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17
Q

Keratinocytes ? Are? 80%

Study These Flashcards
A

Most abundant cell type in epidermis, in the stratum baseless large keratinocyte stem cells divide new keratinocytes that replace the dead ones that shead from surface

18
Q

Dendritic cells are? 4%

Study These Flashcards
A

Play important role in initiations an immune response

Star shaped!

19
Q

Melanocytes are?

15%

Study These Flashcards
A

Have long branches they have cytoplasmic process and transfer pigment granules called melanosomes it shields the DNA with in the nucleus from ultraviolet radiation.

20
Q

Tactile cells are? 1%

Study These Flashcards
A

Few in number sensitive to touch when co
Pressed they release chemicals that stimulate sensory nerve ending. Provides info that’s objects are touching the skin! 1%

21
Q

Epidermal ridges and dermal papillae?

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A

Composed of areolar ct , dermal papillae interlock w/ epidermal ridges

increase surface area of attachment

Ridges are on top
Papillae on bottom

22
Q

Each papillae contains?

Study These Flashcards
A

Blood vessels, arteries , vains, nerves

Increases nourishment for epidermis cells

23
Q

What is the role of dermal papillae ?

Study These Flashcards
A

Contains capillaries that supply nutrients to cells if epidermis

Also houses sensory receptors

24
One square inch is skin on human hand contains _____ feet of nerves?
72 feet
25
Papillary layer contains ?
Blood vessels | Tactile corposcles
26
Reticule layer consisted of?
Lamellared corposcles,tactile corposcles, blood vessels, hair follicles, arrector pili muscle that's attached to hair, nerves,sweatglands and ducts, sebaceous glands, collagenous & elastic fibers
27
What happens when arrector pili muscle contracts?
Pulls on follicles, elevating the hairs to produce goose bumps
28
Process of skin pigmentation ?
Melanosomes ( small black dots) transformed to melanosomes Melanosomes ( contains melanin) transferred to keratinocytes (color)
29
Lines of coverage? What is their significance during surgery??
Parallel collagenous lines. They identify the predominant direction of underlying collagen fibers. In reticular layer of dermis. Resulting on faster healing & resist stress
30
Various aspects of aging relating to skin?
More wrinkles / fibers change. Less immune response. ``` Fewer melanocytes.(pale). Reduced repair . Fewer hair follicles ( hair loss). Change in fat & hair distribution . Reduced blood supply. Reduced elasticity ( wrinkles) Thin dermis . Less sweat . Thin epidermis . Dry epidermis. ```
31
Hair structure
- Hair shaft - Hair root - Arrector pili muscle - Hair follicle - Hair blab - Hair papillus ( nerve ending, blood vessels.
32
Hair functions
``` Protection. Thermoregulation. Communication. Sensation. Visual identification. Chemical dispersal. ```
33
Nail structure?
Lunula-- white part on nail on top Eponychium --- cuticle Nail bed ---- right above fat Nail root w/ matrix ---- fatty park behind nail root Hyponychium. ---- beneath nail
35
Apical part of epidermis?
Free border
36
Basel part of epidermis?
Attached border
37
Nails Nail grow from? Finger nails or toes grow faster? Which hand nails grow faster? Which finger grows the fastest?
- Nails grow from matrix - fingernails grow faster then toenails - the hand you favor nails grow faster - middle finger nail grows the fastest
38
How many types of Exocrine glands? What are they?
- secrete onto a surface. - 2 types 1. Sweat glands & 2. Sebaceous glands
39
Sweat glands? How many types? Where do they release their secretion ?
Sweat glands produce watery solution. Two types are .. 1. Merocrine gland ( release their secretion onto surface of the skin) 2. Apocrine glands ( release their secretions onto hair follicles)
40
Merocrine sweat gland secretes onto?
Are simple coiled tubular glands that release secretion onto surface of skin. - Palms - Soles of feet - Forehead
41
Apocrine swear glands secrete onto?
- Release into hair follicles.. - Armpits ( axillae) - groin. (pubic region )
42
Men sweat ____ % more than women ?
40%
43
How many sweat glands on average human?
2 million
44
How many calories burned for every liter if sweat?
540 calories

Anatomy (11 decks)

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