Histology Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
-The study of tissues
A
HISTOLOGY
2
Q
Group of similar cells performing a specific function
A
Tissues
3
Q
Classifications of Animal
Tissues
A
Epithelial Tissues- protection, secretion,
sensation
Connective Tissues - connection & support
Muscular Tissues- movement
Nervous Tissues- communication
4
Q
protection, secretion, sensation
A
Epithelial Tissues
5
Q
- connection & support
A
Connective Tissues
6
Q
- movement
A
Muscular Tissues
7
Q
- communication
A
Nervous Tissues
8
Q
Epithelial Tissues characteristics:
A
➤cover the surface and internal cavities of the body
➤ provided with basal membrane may be simple or stratified
➤ form parts of sense organs
➤ give rise to gland structures
9
Q
-1 layer; thin flat polygonal cells
A
Simple squamous epithelium
10
Q
e.g. in Air sacs of lungs, lining of blood vessels
A
Simple squamous epithelium
11
Q
- several layers; polygonal cells
A
Stratified squamous epithelium
12
Q
eg. Skin, mouth lining, vaginal lining, esophageal lining
A
Stratified squamous epithelium
13
Q
- 1 layer; cells are taller than wide
A
Simple columnar epithelium
14
Q
e.g. in lining of intestine & upper part of respiratory tract
A
Simple columnar epithelium
15
Q
1 layer; cube-like
A
Simple cuboidal epithelium
16
Q
e.g. in linings of kidney tubules; gland ducts
A
Simple cuboidal epithelium
17
Q
- provided with cilia; single layer but appear stratified although cells originate at the same base
A
Ciliated Psuedostratified columnar epithelium
18
Q
in trachea; ducts of many glands
A
Ciliated Psuedostratified columnar epithelium
19
Q
Functions: join other tissues; support the body & its organs; protect underlying organs
A
Connective Tissues
20
Q
Connective tissues functions
A
Functions:
join other tissues
support the body & its organs
protect underlying organs
21
Q
Most abundant type of tissue distributed in the body
A
Connective tissue
22
Q
-produce fibers
A
fibroblasts
23
Q
act as phagocytes
A
Macrophages
24
Q
2 cells in connective tissue
A
fibroblasts
Macrophages
25
3 fibers in C.T
collagen (white)
elastic (yellow)
reticular
26
more branched forming delicate supporting network
Reticular
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Contain elastin
Elastic
28
are thicker, occurring singly and are straight or branched but not wavy.
Elastic or yellow fibers
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fine, long, usually unbranched, and occur in wavy bundles.
White or collagenous fibers/collagen
30
- elastic yellow fibers (widely distributed under the epithelia of human body)
Loose/Areolar CT
31
- densely packed collagen fibers (eg. tendons, ligaments, dermis of skin)
Dense/Fibrous CT
32
thick bundles of parallel elastic (yellow) fibers (in yellow ligaments of vertebral column; lung tissue & large arteries)
Elastic tissue
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- used to store fats (subcutaneous layer; pads around certain internal organs)
Adipose tissue
34
- for transport of materials
Vascular tissue/Blood
35
-composed of formed elements & a liquid matrix (plasma)
Vascular tissue/Blood
36
carries oxygen
Erythrocytes (RBC)
37
- for immune system
Leucocytes (WBC)
38
- for blood clotting; small ovoid or circular cells lacking nucleus
Thrombocytes (platelets)
39
3 formed elements in Vascular tissue/Blood
Erythrocytes (RBC)
Leucocytes (WBC)
Thrombocytes (platelets)
40
Specialized Connective Tissue
Vascular tissue/Blood
Adipose tissue
Elastic tissue
41
2 Connective Tissue (CT) Proper
Loose/Areolar CT
Dense/Fibrous CT
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Granulocytes/polymorphonuclear leucocytes
neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil
43
multi-lobed nucleus (polymorphic)
neutrophil
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2-lobed nucleus
eosinophil
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with 3-lobed assuming an S-shaped nucleus
basophil
46
Agranulocytes/mononuclear leucocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
47
nucleus almost occupying the entire cell (20-25%)
elicits antibody response
Lymphocyte
48
with bean-shaped nucleus (2-6%)
acts as phagocytes
Monocyte
49
is often considered as a type or form of ct
Blood
50
- intercellular substance with inorganic substances
Cartilage
51
- substance is translucent; without fibers (in nose, larynx & trachea; end of long bones)
hyaline cartilage
52
- with branched elastic fibers (external ear, epiglottis)
elastic cartilage
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- with unbranched collagenous fibers (intervertebral disks; pubic symphysis, disks of knee joint)
fibro-cartilage
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(structural & functional unit of a compact bone)
Osteon or Haversian System
55
organized Into a number of circular units called Haversian canal systems
Bone
56
-calcified (calcium hydroxyapatite & CaCO3)
Bone matrix
57
- bone cells found in cavities or lacunae
osteocytes
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- synthesize org. components of the matrix
osteoblasts
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- resorption & remodeling of bone tissues
osteoclasts
60
- concentric layers in matrix
Lamelae
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- central cavity
Haversian canal
62
- cylindric spaces in matrix;
Canaliculi
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gives shape to the body
➤ for movement and locomotion
Muscular Tissues
64
Typea of Muscle Tissue
Skeletal
Muscle
Cardiac
65
striated and voluntary
Skeletal
66
- non-striated and involuntary
Smooth
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- striated and involuntary
Cardiac
68
TYPES:
attached to skeleton elongated and filamentous
many nuclei per muscle cell
striated - Voluntary contraction
Skeletal muscle tissue
69
- walls of digestive tract
- spindle-shaped or fusiform
- one nucleus per cell
- Non-striated - involuntary contraction
Smooth muscle tissue
70
- muscle tissue of the heart branch
- elongated fibers that
- One nucleus per cell (cell junctions are called intercalated disks) Striated
- Involuntary contraction
Cardiac muscle tissue
71
-muscle membrane
Sarcolemma/Plasmalemma
72
- muscle's cytoplasm
Sarcoplasm
73
-muscle's endoplasmic reticulum
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
74
- "Muscle Cells "
the contractile cells of muscle tissues
Muscle Fibers
75
- are small contractile filaments located within the cytoplasm of striated muscle cells.
Myofibril
76
consist of bands of alternating high and low refractive index giving the distinctive striped appearance of striated muscles
Myofibril
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Myofibril consists of two types of protein filaments:
Actin
Myosin
78
- "thick filaments"
Myosin
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Thin filaments
Actin
80
The thick filaments and the thin filaments within myofibrils overlap in a structured way, forming units called ____
Sarcomeres
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- the functional (contractile) units of a myofibril;
Sarcomeres
82
- sheets or broad bands of fibrous connective tissue that cover the entire muscle organ
Fascia
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- cover adjacent muscle organs
Superficial fascia
84
- cover muscle organs found beneath
Deep Fascia
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- surrounds the total bundle of many fascicles
Epimysium (Fascia)
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- the fibrous sheath that surrounds and protects individual fascicles
Perimysium
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- the fine connective tissue that surrounds and protects each individual muscle fibre (between fibers)
Endomysium
88
specialized for reception and transmission of impulses
Nervous Tissues
89
Controls and integrates all body activities within limits that maintain life
Nervous Tissues
90
Three basic functions of Nervous Tissues
1. sensing changes with sensory receptors 2. interpreting and remembering those changes
3. reacting to those changes with effectors
91
- conduct impulses cell body/ SOMA - w/ large central nucleus
Neurons (nerve cell)
92
- conducts signals toward the cell body
dendrite
93
- conducts signal away from the cell body
axon
94
supporting cells
Glial cells
95
-for protection, support & nourishment
neuroglia
96
- maintain cells of peripheral nervous system
peripheral glial cells
97
2 types of glial cells
neuroglia
peripheral glial cells
98
3 Functional Types of Neurons
sensory (receptor or afferent) neurons
interneurons/association neurons
motor (effector or efferent) neurons
99
= several dendrites & one axon most common cell type
multipolar
100
= one main dendrite & one axon found in retina, inner ear & olfactory
bipolar neurons
101
= one process only (develops from a bipolar) are always sensory neurons
unipolar neurons
102
respond to envt - CNS
sensory (receptor or afferent) neurons
103
sensory neurons - motor neurons
interneurons/association neurons
104
connects other neurons permitting integration; located in spinal cord & brain
interneurons/association neurons
105
CNS effector (eg. Muscle)
motor (effector or efferent) neurons
