SKELETAL Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
Functions Of the Skeletal System
A
Framework of the body
Provides physical support & protection
Muscle attachment & leverage for locomotion Storage of minerals (calcium & phosphorus) Manufacture RBC in bone marrow of long bones
2
Q
the framework of the human body
A
Skeletal System
3
Q
- is any hardened portion of the body, which may either be located externally (exoskeleton) or internally (endoskeleton)
A
Skeleton
4
Q
Found outside the body
A
Exoskeleton
5
Q
Consists of dead, non- cellular secretions
A
Exoskeleton
6
Q
Eg, shells of crustaceans, exoskeleton of insects, Carapace & plastron of turtles
A
Exoskeleton
7
Q
Consists of hardened, rigid, segmented & entirely cellular bones
A
Endoskeleton
8
Q
Found inside the body
A
Endoskeleton
9
Q
Eg. Cartilage & bone
A
Endoskeleton
10
Q
A core of liquid (water or body fluid such as blood) surrounded by a tension resistant sheath of longitudinal or circular muscles
A
Hydrostatic Skeleton
11
Q
A form of internal support
A
Hydrostatic Skeleton
12
Q
Eg. In Sea anemone, worm
A
Hydrostatic Skeleton
13
Q
Types of Skeletal System
A
Endoskeleton
Exoskeleton
Hydrostatic Skeleton
14
Q
- tough membrane that surrounds & protects bone
A
Periosteum
15
Q
- holds muscles in place & produces bone- forming cells responsible for bone growth
A
Periosteum
16
Q
-dense mat’l beneath the periosteum
A
Compact bone
17
Q
- gives bones strength to carry heavy objects
A
Compact bone
18
Q
-at the end of bone knob that makes the bone knob light
A
Spongy bone
19
Q
- soft inner part of bone
A
Marrow
20
Q
- rich with nerves & blood vessels
A
Marrow
21
Q
Types of Marrow
A
Red Marrow
Yellow Marrow
22
Q
found on flat bones
A
Red marrow
23
Q
(eg. Ribs, sternum)
A
Red marrow
24
Q
produces RBC
A
Red marrow
25
-found on central cavity of long bones
Yellow marrow
26
made up of fat cells
Yellow marrow
27
serves as storage depot for fats
Yellow marrow
28
-the process whereby cartilage are transformed into boness
OSSIFICATION
29
- involves deposition of calcium compounds between bone cells resulting in increased strength of bone
OSSIFICATION
30
- develops immediately into a hard bone
Membrane Bone
31
- starts first as a cartilage (chondrification) and later hardens ir bone (ossification)
Cartilage Bone
32
Types of Bones According to Formation
Membrane Bone
Cartilage Bone
33
Two Divisions of the Human Skeleton
Appendicular
Axial
34
Axial Skeleton
Skull
Hyoid
Sternum
Ribs
Vertebral column
35
Appendicular Skeleton
Pectoral girdle
Pelvic gird
Upper limbs
Lower limbs
36
Bony framework of the head
Skull
37
Bones are joined together by immovable joint called suture (except for mandible)
Skull
38
Consists of:
Cranial bones - 8
Facial bones -14
Skull
39
Encloses & protects the brain & sense organs
Skull
40
Cranial bones
8
41
Facial bones
14
42
are joined together by immovable joint called suture (except for mandible)
Bones
43
Bones are joined together by immovable joint called ____ (except for mandible)
suture
44
Supports the tongue & larynx (voice box)
Hyoid
45
Small isolated bone located in the upper anterior part of the neck
Hyoid
46
for attachment of ribs that together form the rib cage which protects internal organs (heart, İungs)
Sternum
47
flat dagger-shaped bone in the middle of the chest
Sternum
48
Composed of:
Manubrium - upper part
Body - elongated middle segment
Xiphoid process - small terminal piece
Sternum
49
- upper part
Manubrium
50
- small terminal piece
Xiphoid process
51
- elongated middle segment
Body
52
Skull consists of:
Cranial bones - 8
Facial bones -14
53
Last 2 pairs
floating ribs
54
(not attach to sternum)
floating ribs
55
next 3 pairs
- false ribs
56
(not directly attached to sternum)
- false ribs
57
1st 7 pairs
true ribs
58
(directly attached to sternum)
true ribs
59
Protect organs in the thoracic cavity (heart, lungs)
Ribs
60
Support the chest wall
Ribs
61
flat bones attach to the sternum
Ribs
62
Composed of 33 irregularly
shaped bones called vertebrae
Vertebral column
63
Axial support of the body
Vertebral column
64
Also called the spinal column
or backbone
Vertebral column
65
2 fused bones
Coccyx (coccygeal vertebrae)
Sacrum (sacral vertebrae)
66
5 fused bones
Sacrum (sacral vertebrae)
67
4 fused bones
Coccyx (coccygeal vertebrae)
68
24 vertebrae - common features:
body & neural arch
69
(back) vertebrae
5 lumbar
70
(chest) vertebrae
12 thoracic
71
(neck) vertebrae
7 cervical
72
Upper Extremities:
64 bones
73
– longer
Ulna
74
– shorter &
& smaller
Radius
75
Consist of 3 parts of Upper limbs
Arm or Humerus
Forearm
Hand
76
• for grasping & holding
Upper Limbs
77
64 bones
Upper Extremities
78
Hand
Carpals
metacarpals
phalanges
79
Pectoral girdle consists of:
Clavicle
Scapula
80
Collar bone-2
Clavicle
81
Shoulder blade - 2
Scapula
82
For locomotion
Lower Limbs
83
62 bones
LOWER EXTREMITIES
84
LOWER EXTREMITIES consists of:
Thigh or Femur
Leg
Foot
85
Longest bone
Femur
86
2nd longest bone
Tibia -fibula
87
tarsals -7
metatarsals-5
phalanges-14
Foot/Lower Limbs
88
ex. Vertebrae, sacrum, mandible
Irregular Bones
89
small isolated bone (sesamoid)
Patella or Knee cap
90
BONES:
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges
7
5
14
91
How many bones?
Carpals
metacarpals
phalanges
8
5
14
92
Carpals
metacarpals
phalanges
Where?
Upper limbs/Hand
93
Consists of 3 separate parts: - Ilium, ischium, pubis
Pelvic Girdle or Hip girdle
94
Composed of 2 coxal (hip) bones
Pelvic Girdle or Hip girdle
95
Pelvic Girdle or Hip girdle consists of 3 parts
Ilium
ischium
Pubis
96
ex. Cranium, ribs, scapula
Flat Bones
97
for protection of the soft body parts
Flat Bones
98
- short & of irregular shapes
Short Bones
99
divided into shaft called diaphysis & extremities called epiphysis
Long Bones
100
divided into shaft called
diaphysis
101
extremities called
epiphysis
102
ex. Femur, humerus, radius-ulna, tibia-fibula
Long Bones
103
ex. Carpals, tarsals
Short Bones
104
- bones of peculiar & differing shapes
Irregular Bones
105
ex. Patella or knee cap
Sesamoid Bones
106
– small, rounded & separate bone
Sesamoid Bones
107
is the point where bones are connected
Joint
108
Types of Joints
Amphiarthrosis or Slightly Movable Joints
Diarthrosis or Movable Joints
Synarthrosis or Immovable Joints
109
eg. Sutures in the skull
Synarthrosis or Immovable Joints
110
fixed; firmly united & don't allow movement
Synarthrosis or Immovable Joints
111
eg. Elbow, fingers, knees, ankles
Diarthrosis or Movable Joints
112
free; allow angular & rotary movement
Diarthrosis or Movable Joints
113
eg. In between vertebrae (invertebral), sacroiliac (pelvic bone to the spine
Amphiarthrosis or Slightly Movable Joints
114
semi-fixed; allow slight movement
Amphiarthrosis or Slightly Movable Joints
115
Smallest bone:
Stirrup (middle ear)
116
Number of bones at maturity:
206
117
Number of bones at birth
275
118
(pelvic bone to the spine)
sacroiliac
