MUSCULAR

Question 1

FUNCTIONS OF MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Answer 1

For movement and locomotion
Provides form & shape to the body
Heat production
Protection

Question 2

movement of amoeba

Answer 2

Amoeboid movement

Question 3

allows them to move crawling on the surface

Answer 3

Pseudopodia

Question 4

eg. WBC, coelomic cells, Amoeba, embryonic tissues, in wound healing & many cell types growing in tissue culture

Answer 4

Amoeboid movement

Question 5

longer than cilia

Answer 5

Flagella

Question 6

eg. Paramecium, free living flatworms cilia Euglena, Trypanosoma (parasitic blood plasma) - flagella

Answer 6

Ciliary/Flagellar Movement

Question 7

eg. Flatworms, some Cnidarians, gastropod molluscs (snail), earthworms

Answer 7

Pedal Locomotion

Question 8

eg. Leeches & some insect larvae (caterpillar), polychaete worms

Answer 8

Looping movements

Question 9

e.g. Echinoderms (sea stars) - 5 arms with water vascular canal each + tube feet hydraulic pressure drives movement

Answer 9

Water-vascular system

Question 10

• in Arthropods (have wings)

Answer 10

Flight

Question 11

e.g. Some insects (fleas, grasshoppers, leaf hoppers)

Answer 11

Jumping

Question 12

NON-MUSCULAR MOVEMENT

Answer 12

Amoeboid movement
Ciliary/Flagellar Movement

Question 13

MUSCULAR MOVEMENT in Invertebrates

Answer 13

Pedal Locomotion
Looping movements
Water-vascular system
Flight
Jumping

Question 14

PROPERTIES OF MUSCLES

Answer 14

Contractility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity

Question 15

the ability to contract or shorten & become thicker

Answer 15

Contractility

Question 16

the capacity to receive & respond to a stimulus

Answer 16

Excitability

Question 17

the ability to be stretched

Answer 17

Extensibility

Question 18

the ability to return to its original shape after being stretched or contracted

Answer 18

Elasticity

Question 19

Kinds of muscle

Answer 19

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 20

DESCRIPTION: Long, striated cells with multiple

FUNCTION: Contraction for voluntary movements

Answer 20

Skeletal muscle

Question 21

-waves of activity in the muscular system that are applied to the substrate

Answer 21

Pedal Locomotion

Question 22

DESCRIPTION: Long, spindle-shaped cells, each with a single nucleus

COMMON LOCATIONS: In hollow organs (e.g., stomach)

FUNCTION: Propulsion of substances along internal passageways

Answer 22

Smooth muscle

Question 23

DESCRIPTION: Branching, striated cells fuse at plasma membranes

COMMON LOCATIONS: Wall of heart

FUNCTION: Pumping of blood in the circulatory system

Answer 23

Cardiac muscle

Question 24

are attached to bones directly or indirectly or with other muscles with connective tissues

Answer 24

Muscles

Question 25

Muscles are attached to bones directly or indirectly or with other muscles with connective tissues such as:

Answer 25

Tendon Aponeurosis

Question 26

- cord-like connective tissue

Answer 26

Tendon

Question 27

- flat sheet CT

Answer 27

Aponeurosis

Question 28

Connect your muscle to bone

Answer 28

Tendon

Question 29

Bone to bone

Answer 29

Ligament

Question 30

- fleshy part of a muscle

Answer 30

Belly

Question 31

Point of attachment to bones:

Answer 31

Origin Insertion

Question 32

the site of attachment w/c in any particular movement remains fixed

Answer 32

Origin

Question 33

- muscle with more than one origin

Answer 33

Head

Question 34

the site that is caused to move

Answer 34

Insertion

Question 35

- muscle with more than one insertion

Answer 35

Slips

Question 36

Eg. Triceps femoris - 3 heads/large muscle at the side of a leg

Answer 36

Origin

Question 37

Eg. Biceps femoris - 1 muscle behind thigh, attached to the helium

Answer 37

Insertion

Question 38

e.g. Biceps femoris Origin: Insertion:

Answer 38

Ilium Tibiofibula

Question 39

- muscle that raises a part

Answer 39

Levator

Question 40

- muscle that lowers a part

Answer 40

Depressor

Question 41

- a muscle that draws toward the midline. (ex. Adductor magnus- adducts thigh & leg)

Answer 41

Adductor

Question 42

- a muscle that draws away from the midline

Answer 42

Abductor

Question 43

- a muscle that bends a part

Answer 43

Flexor

Question 44

- a muscle that extends a part

Answer 44

Extensor

Question 45

- a muscle that rotates a part

Answer 45

Rotator

Question 46

- a muscle that rotates a part

Answer 46

Rotator

Question 47

- a muscle that encircles a part thus regulating its opening

Answer 47

Sphinctor/Constrictor

Question 48

- a muscle that opens a part

Answer 48

Dilator

Question 49

How are muscles named

Answer 49

Location Shape Size Direction of fibers Number or origins Location of attachment Type of motion

Question 50

Parallel

Answer 50

Rectus

Question 51

Transverse

Answer 51

Transversus

Question 52

Muscles work in ____

Answer 52

pairs

Question 53

cause opposite movements - most skeletal muscles work this way (if one relaxes the other contracts)

Answer 53

Antagonists

Question 54

- pairs of muscles that cause harmonious movements

Answer 54

Synergists

Question 55

Muscles work in pairs

Answer 55

Antagonists Synergists

Question 56

The thick filaments and the thin filaments within myofibrils overlap in a structured way, forming units called _____.

Answer 56

Sarcomeres

Question 57

sections of myofibril that are separated from each other by areas of dense material called ___

Answer 57

"Z discs"

Question 58

also described in terms of the bands/zones within which one or both of the two filaments occur.

Answer 58

sarcomeres

Question 59

is a relatively darker area within the sarcomere that extends along the total length of the thick filaments.

Answer 59

"A band"

Question 60

is at the centre of the A band of each sarcomere. As shown below, this is the region in which there are only thick filaments, and no thin filaments

Answer 60

H zone

Question 61

is the region between adjacent A bands, in which there are only thin filaments, and no thick filaments. (Each I band extends across two adjacent sarcomeres.)

Answer 61

I band

Question 62

are represented by the zig-zag lines that form the boundaries between adjacent sarcomeres.

Answer 62

Z discs

Question 63

bundle of myscle fibers

Answer 63

Fasciculus

Question 64

Neurotransmitter

Answer 64

Acetylcholine

Question 65

(ex. Masseter - elevates lower jaw)

Answer 65

Levator

Question 66

(ex. Muscles in blood vessels)

Answer 66

Dilator

Question 67

(ex. Cardiac sphincter in stomach, s ,sphincter in urinary bladder)

Answer 67

Sphinctor/constrictor

Question 68

(ex. Pectoralis -rotates arm)

Answer 68

Rotator

Question 69

(ex. Depressor mandibuli)

Answer 69

Depressor

Question 70

(ex. Dorsalis scapulae -extends arm)

Answer 70

Extensor