Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

IMMS > Histology 3 (Connective Tissues) > Flashcards

Histology 3 (Connective Tissues) Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What cells are connective tissues derived from?

A

Cells in the mesoderm layer of the developing embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the cellular component of connective tissues?

A

Fibroblasts
Adipocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the extracellular components of connective tissues?

A

Visible fibres and invisible ground substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give examples of visible fibres

A

Collagen
Elastic
Reticulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give examples of ground substance (Hydrophilic Jelly)

A

Proteoglycans
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGS)
Laminin
Fibronectin (Invisible Fibres)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are connective tissue cells mainly derived from?

A

Relatively undifferentiated pluripotential mesenchymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What cells can mesenchymal cells give rise to?

A

Mast cells
Fibroblasts
Chondroblasts
Osteoblasts
Adipocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are mast cells?

A

A type of white blood cell that is found in connective tissues all through the body, especially under the skin, near blood vessels and lymph vessels, in nerves, and in the lungs and intestines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are fibroblasts?

A

Fibroblasts are the most common cell type represented in connective tissue. These cells produce a diverse group of products including collagen type I, III, and IV, proteoglycans, fibronectin, laminins, glycosaminoglycans, metalloproteinases, and even prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are chondroblasts?

A

Cells that play an important role in the formation of cartilage (AKA chondrogenesis).
They are located in the perichondrium, which is a layer of connective tissue that surrounds developing bone and also helps protect cartilage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Osteoblasts are cuboidal cells that are located along the bone surface comprising 4–6% of the total resident bone cells and are largely known for their bone forming function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are white adipocytes?

A

Rounded cells that store excess energy in the form of fatty molecules, mainly triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are brown adipocytes?

A

Special type of body fat that is turned on (activated) when you get cold.
Brown fat produces heat to help maintain your body temperature in cold conditions
Thermogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which adipocytes contain more mitochondria?

A

Brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give examples of connective tissues that arise from the haematopoetic stem cell line?

A

Monocytes
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Mast cells
Blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the haematopoetic stem cell line?

A

Give rise to all blood cell types including myeloid and lymphoid lineages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why does ground substance appear as white spaces on histological slides?

A

Doesn’t stain with haematoxylin and eosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give 3 ways connective tissues can be divided into?

A

Fibrous
Hard
Fatty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is fibrous tissue divided into?

A

Loose
Dense
Depending on arrangement of collagen fibres within them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are examples of hard connective tissue?

A

Cartilage
Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the two types of fatty connective tissue?

A

White
Brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the principle extracellular fibre?

A

Collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is collagen secreted by?

A

Fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is tropocollagen?

A

A triple helix of peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How are the fibres of collagen assembled?
Extracellularly
26
How many types of collagen are there?
More than 20
27
Where is Type 1 collagen prevalent in?
Skin and bones
28
Where is Type 2 collagen prevalent?
Cartilage
29
Where is Type 3 collagen prevalent?
Liver, bone marrow and spleen
30
What is Type 3 collagen also known as?
Reticulin
31
What does Type 3 collagen do?
Provides a scaffold for the liver, bone marrow and spleen
32
Where is Type 4 collagen found?
Basement membrane of epithelia
33
Where is Type 5 collagen prevalent?
Placenta
34
What do collagen fibres look like histologically?
Extracellular Stained pink with H&E
35
What are features of collagen?
Variable thickness Run in bundles (Sometimes with the same orientation and sometimes with a hazard arrangement)
36
Difference between collagen and muscle fibres?
Muscle fibres are intracellular so nucleus lies within them Collagen fibres are extracellular
37
What is loose connective tissue comprised of?
Thin collagen fibres and fibroblasts that secrete them
38
What are fibroblasts sometimes referred as?
Fibrocytes
39
What is found between collagen fibres and fibroblasts in loose connective tissue?
Unstained ground substance
40
What can dense connective tissue be described as?
Irregular Regular Depending on arrangement of collagen fibres and fibroblasts
41
Where can regular Dense connective tissues be found?
Tendons
42
Where can irregular Dense connective tissues be found?
Fascia of penis
43
What is reticulin?
Type 3 collagen that forms branched fibres Provides supporting scaffold in to epithelial cells in many organs and other forms of tissue such as blood cells.
44
What stain is used for reticulin/type 3 collagen?
Silver stain
45
What can elastin tissues be found as?
Fine fibres - branched or unbranched Sheets of elastin
46
What is elastin produced by?
Fibroblasts
47
What stain is used for elastin?
H&E Stains pink
48
What form is fatty connective tissue normally found as?
White adipose tissue
49
What are single white Adipocytes?
Large cell containing a single fat globule which pushes cytoplasm and nucleus to the edge of the cell
50
Why do Adipocytes appear as white mesh work of tissue?
Fat is washed out of the cell during conventional processing
51
Where is brown adipose tissue prevalent?
Neonate Found across shoulders and back of newborn
52
What is cartilage?
Hard connective tissue Immature chondroblast Mature chondrocytes
53
Where are immature chondroblasts and and mature chondrocytes found?
Set in abundant extracellular matrix rich in glycosaminoglycans
54
What is found in the extracellular matrix?
Glycosaminoglycans: Hyaluronic acid Proteoglycans: Condroitin sulphate, Keratan glycan
55
What extracellular fibres are found in collagen?
Collagen Elastin
56
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
Synovial joints
57
What secretes the matrix in hyaline cartilage?
Chondocytes
58
What is found on the outer surface of the cartilage?
Layer of fibrous connective tissue called perichondrium
59
What is comprised of the perichondrium?
Fibroblasts Extracellular collagen fibres
60
Where is elastic cartilage found?
Pinna of the ear Epiglottis
61
What is elastic cartilage bound by?
Perichondriun of fibroblasts and collagen
62
With what stain are elastic fibres visible?
H&E More visible with silver stain
63
Where is fibrocartilage found?
Annulus fibrosus on intervertebral discs Pubic symphysis
64
What is the characteristic of the matrix in fibrocartilage?
Rich in visible collagen fibres
65
Does fibrocartilage have perichondrium?
Yes - fibroblasts and collagen
66
What other connective tissue are synovial joints bound by?
Synovium
67
Where is synovium found?
Lines the joint capsules 1 to 4 layers thick Layers comprise of specialised synovial cells
68
What are the two types of synovial cells?
Type A and Type B
69
What are Type A synovial cells?
Phagocytes
70
What are Type B synovial cells?
Rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and secrete synovial fluid
71
Is the synovium vascular or avascular?
Richly vascular, highly innervated
72
What are the 3 broad categories of muscle?
Visceral (smooth) muscle Voluntary (skeletal) muscle Cardiac muscle
73
Where is visceral (smooth) muscle found?
Walls of blood vessels Walls of gastrointestinal tract Airways of lungs Present in organs of reproductive an urinary tract
74
Where can Visceral (skeletal) muscle be found?
Skeletal muscles Larynx Diaphragm
75
Where can cardiac muscle be found?
Heart Base of great vessels
76
Give examples of other contractile cells?
Pericytes Myo-fibroblasts Myo-epithelial cells
77
Is smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary
78
What are characteristics of smooth muscle?
Individual cells with an central oval or flattened nucleus
79
Where is the nucleus in smooth muscle cells set?
In a eosinophilic cytoplasm, lacks striations
80
How can smooth muscle be recognised?
Non-branching cellular structure
81
Can collagen fibres be stretched?
No, neither elastic nor contractile Forms the basis of ligaments and tendons so needs to provide a stable but flexible attachment to bones
82
What structural feature sets Reticulin apart from other types of collagen?
Reticulin forms branched fibres whereas most forms of collagen produce only linear fibres
83
Do chondrocytes appear singly or in clumps in the matrix?
Normally in clumps
84
Can elastic cartilage be fractures?
Yes, but hardest cartilage to fracture
85
What type of lipid is normally contained in fat droplets?
Triglycerides
86
What type if collagen is found in fibrous cartilage?

IMMS (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions